A ____ is a land over which the utility has a ____ - ____- ____ to maintain clearance.
Easement
Right of way
The planned ____ ____ is the time between scheduled pruning operations
Maintenance interval
When it has little or no likelihood of failure or impact to utility facilities, maintenance of the portion of a tree that is outside of the utility easement is the responsibility of the ______
Tree owner
Trees react to structural defects with ___ ____, which compensates for structural weakness
Response growth
Trees or branches that fall from outside utility easements have a ____ impact on service reliability than trees growing into and contacting power lines
Greater
____ uses reduction cuts to reduce branch length relative to other similar branches.
Subordination
Trees that have been rounded over or topped in the past but later converted to directional pruning may have extensive _____ growth on decayed stubs
Epicormic
As more of the tree crown is removed, subsequent shoot growth is likely to ______
Increase
Maintenance that is performed before an occurrence such as a service interruption is termed _____, while maintenance that is performed in response to such an occurrence is termed ______
Preventive
Reactive
T/F. Utility easements may include only a portion of an individual tree
T
Reducing or removing branches back to laterals or parent stems growing away from the facility is known as
Directional pruning
Why cant palm trees tall enough to affect utility facilities be reduces in height?
Upward growth in palms begin in the bud at the top of the stalk below the point where the fronds originate.
Pollarding
Maintained to a predetermined size making strategically placed heading cuts when a tree is young followed by regular removal of all new shoots that arise from those points without damaging pollard heads
Polard heads aka
Woody knobs
Branch removal cut
Made when removing the smaller of two branches at a union.
Branch bark ridge
Area of bark that forms at the union between the branch and the parent stem
Branch collar
Area of transition at the base of the branch
Pruning system that uses a combination of pruning, supporting, and training branches to orient a plant into a desired shape
Topiary
Cutting a shoot or a branch back to a bud, stub, or small lateral branch. Cutting an older branch or stem back to a stub in order to meet a structural objective.
Heading cut
Slightly enlarged growth point on a stem where leaves and buds arise
