-
Includes autocratic democratic and laissez-faire categories
Basic leadership style
-
Job centered and employee centered models
Two dimensional leadership styles
-
Believes that no single best style exists
Contingency leadership theory
-
Charismatic transformational transactional and symbolic theories
Contemporary leadership style
-
Based theory on average worker disliking work
Theory x
-
Based theory on the average worker believing work is natural
Theory y
-
Based theory on involved workers performing without supervision
Theory z
-
The leader tells subordinates what to do and how to do it with little or no input from them
Autocratic
-
The leader includes employees in the decision making process and allows them to work with the least amount of supervision necessary
Democratic
-
In French it literally means to allow to do. The leader leaves employees to make all the decisions and does not supervise them
Laissez-faire
-
This theory was developed in the 1950s and is based on the belief that there is no single best leadership style
Contingency leadership theory
-
Inspires follower or tea and creates and I was asking person another workers attain
Charismatic
-
Depends on continuous learning innovation and change within the organization
Transformational
-
Involves an exchange between a leader and followers in which the followers perform tasks effectively in exchange for awards provided by the leadership
Transactional
-
Basis theory on a strong organizational culture that holds common values and believes
Symbolic
-
One problem that has been associated with theories the leader ship is
Resistance to change
-
What is a weakness in the theory z concept
The leader is expected to alter the situation to meet the style rather than altering the style to meet the situation
-
Leader give specific guidance to subordinates
Directive
-
Leader shows concern for subordinates
Supportive
-
Leader ask for suggestions from subordinates
Participative
-
Leader establishes high goals and expects high performance from subordinates
Achievement oriented
-
Highly capable individual
Level one leader
-
Contributing team member
Level 2 Leader
-
Competent manager
Level 3 Leader
-
Effective leader
Level 4 Leader
-
Executive
Level five leader
-
The term maturity of the employee is based on what 2 elements
The ability of the employee to perform the task and the willingness of the employee to perform the task
-
Uses autocratic approach
Telling
-
Uses refined autocreative approach that involves convincing members that the risk is appropriate and justified
Selling
-
Relies on input from members in determining how the task should be accomplished
Participating
-
Uses limits set by later and allows members to determine how the task will be accomplished
Delegating
-
What is regarded by some as a leader ship model for the future
This social change model
-
Is based on the concept that the leader involves followers in the process of accomplishing a goal within the limits of the system
Alpha leader ship model
-
Legitimate power is derived from what (test)
Shared values acceptance of social structure and sanction of a legitimizing agent
-
Someone who is responsible for the activities of one or more subordinate employees
Supervisor
-
The process of directing overseeing and controlling the activities of other individuals and as a basic to be successful completion of the duties assigned to a level one fire officer
Supervision
-
Refers to the administration in control of projects programs situations and organization
Management
-
Active controlling directing conducting guiding and administering through the use of personal behavior traits or personality characteristics that motivate employees to the successful completion of an organizations goals
Leading
-
The efficient assignment of subordinates to a supervisor is referred to as what
Span of control
-
In the fire and emergency services the company officer should recognize that activities can be categorized into what three levels of priority
Emergency response preparation for emergency response and organizational duties
-
Informal process of giving motivational direction positive reinforcement and constructive feedback to employees
Coaching
-
Formal process that involves activities that assist participants and identifying and resolving personal behavior or career problems that are adversely affecting performance
Counseling
-
Process to use to prepare capable individual’s for advancement within the organization through the direction of positive role model
Mentoring
-
The ability to reason and present a strong argument in favor of or against a position
Logic
-
Analysis of the principles of human conduct in order to be able to determine between right and wrong
Ethics
-
What are the four general types of reasoning
Inductive deductive casual and analogical
-
A process that arrives at a general conclusion based on a foundation of specific examples or Data
Inductive reasoning
-
The process of reaching a specific conclusion based on a general statement or principal
Deductive reasoning
-
A process that is based on the relationshipBetween two or more events in such a way that it is obvious one cause the other to occur
Casual reasoning
-
Based on a comparison between two similar cases in furs that what is true in the first case will also be true in a second case
Analogical reasoning
-
Reasoning that occurs when someone Attempts to persuade others without sufficient supporting evidence or by using irrelevant or inappropriate arguments
Fallacy or fallacious reasoning
-
Company officers should remember that providing what is the bottom line in the fire and emergency services
Quality service
-
A problem that is a recurring it may even be a symptom of a larger problem
Generic problem classification
-
A problem that may only occur once
Exceptional problem classification
-
Explains why members of a group may go along with that decision even when they believe it to be a bad one rather than dissent against to the group
Abilene paradox theory (test)
-
Rule of conduct or procedure established by customer agreement or authority
Law
-
Body of rules and principles governing the affairs of a community and enforced by the political judicial authority
Legal authority
-
The body of law that is based on tradition custom usage and decisions of the judicial court within a particular country society or culture
Common law or caselaw
-
Deals with actual issues by establishing principles defining duties and obligations and creating and finding the limitations of rights within a society
Substantive
-
Defines the judiciaryRules or mechanisms used to enforce substantive laws
Procedural
-
Pertains to laws enacted by the legislative bodies of government
Statutory
-
Pertains to the laws created by the government agencies and used to enforce and implement statutory laws
Administrative
-
Protect society as a whole from wrongful actions also known as Penal law
Criminal
-
Defines relationships between individuals or groups and helps to resolve disputes between parties
Civil also known as non-criminal laws
-
Means by which a society protects itself
Criminal law
-
Means by which individuals seek redress
Civil law
-
Party who initiates a lawsuit before a court
Plaintive
-
Any person or institution against whom an action is brought in a criminal or civil court of law person being sued or accused
Defendant
-
State of being legally obliged and responsible
Liability
-
Civil wrong or breach of duty to another person as defined by law
Tort
-
Affective or primary cause of loss or damage or an unbroken chain of events between the occurrence and resulting damage
Proximate cause
-
Failure to exercise the same care that is a responsible prudent and careful person would under the same or similar circumstances
Negligence
-
Commission of an unlawful act committed by a public official
Malfeasance
-
And proper performance of a legal or lawful act
Misfeasance
-
Failure to act one under an obligation to do so refusal to do what is a legal duty
Nonfeasance
-
Level of care a responsible person would use under similar circumstances standard of behavior upon which the theory of negligence is based
Standard of care
-
Doctrine that the federal state or provincial or local government is immune to lawsuit unless it gives is consent
Sovereign immunity
-
Situation that occurs when one person is held responsible for the Actions or in actions of another individual also applies to the liability occurred by an organization for the actions or in actions of an employee
Vicarious liability (test)
-
The civil rights act of 1964 placed what to following obligations on employers
Do not discriminate in employment, eliminate the present affects of past discrimination
-
A group characteristic that may not be used as a sole reason for an employment decision unless it constitutes a bona fide occupational qualification
Protected class
-
Treating an applicant or employee differently than those of another race gender religion
Disparate treatment
-
Any overt unwanted or unwelcome sexual behavior or advances toward an Worker by someone who has the power to reward or punish the worker
Quid pro quo (test)
-
Procedures and criteria recognized as acceptable practices but pier professional credentialing or accrediting organizations
Industry standard
-
What are the three most common forms of communication
Informal interpersonal, formal oral, and written
-
Communication that takes place between two people who have established a relationship
Interpersonal communication
-
The meaning idea or concept that a speaker is attempting to communicate to the listener
Message
-
The path that a message takes between the sender and the receiver
Medium or channel
-
Receives a message and decodes or interprets it
The receiver
-
A factor that prevents the receiver from fully receiving a message
Interference
-
What are the five general purposes for interpersonal communication
Learn, relate, influence, play, and help
-
A word that may not mean the same to all people
Arbitrary
-
Word meanings or not specific or do not have a greed upon definitions
Ambiguous
-
Meaning or generalizations rather than concrete or tangible meetings
Abstract
-
Kinesics
Body motion and position
-
Barriers to listening
Information overload, personal concerns, outside distractions, prejudice
-
What is derived because of the organizational structure of the department/organization also called organizational authority or position of power
Legitimate power
-
What three sources is a legitimate power derived from
Shared values, acceptance of social structures, section of legitimizing agent
-
What are the three excepted types of formal speeches
Persuasive, informative, entertainment
-
These persuasive speech is based on the theory called what
Monroe’s motivated sequence pattern
-
He was a strong argument based on reliable data in order to create a change in my life behavior or attitude
Persuasive
-
Give the audience definitions descriptions explanations or information that teach a topic
Informative
-
Use humorous stories or anecdotes
Entertainment
-
Speeches prepared for all audiences and occasions but will not be affected because each audience and occasion is different
Canned speeches
-
What is the first step in writing any document
Determine the audience, scope, and purpose
-
How long is the average paragraph
75 to 125 words
-
What are transitional words
Words that come at the end of one paragraph and then at the beginning of the next paragraph
-
In private industry what is a quick and relatively simple way of transmitting a message within the organization
Memos and emails
-
The majority of memos were emails are written to give the following six pieces of information
Who what when where why how
-
What is the result of a form report or it may be generated as part of a project or analysis
A narrative report
-
A review of the key points in airport, technical paper, beard specifications, or an analysis that provides an audience such as senior managers an opportunity to understand the main points of the document without having to read the entire document
Executive summaries
-
Outlines activities propose for meeting or event
Agenda
-
The accurate records of the topics covered decisions made in assignments given during meetings
Minutes
-
What defines the needs of the department or organization and allows manufactures to the authorized distributor to decide if they can meet the specifications
Request for proposal
-
Include the specific equipment requirements of the department organization plus the legal requirements of the finance or purchasing officer of the jurisdiction
Bid specifications
-
Employees and members of the organization
Internal customers
-
Members of the general population who are beneficiaries of the services provided as well as responsible for providing the majority of the funds needed to operate
External customers
-
Members of a political body who govern the organization or influence it through legislation non-governmental agencies
Stakeholders
-
Customers who want both tangible and intangible benefits
Internal customers
-
What benefit the organization by allowing customers to be involved in the decision making process
Periodic meetings
-
What is another source of information on the needs wants desires of customers
Surveys
-
For the effective and efficient operation of any fire and emergency services organization and use of resources through stand or a systems what is essential
Written policies and procedures
-
A guide to decision making within an organization
Policy
-
Determines whether current policies are effective and enforceable
Policy analysis
-
Sometimes called organizational norms or past practices are a result of tradition within the organization
Unwritten policy’s
-
A detailed plan of action -A written communication that is similar and closely related to a policy
Procedure
-
What is the first level of supervision within the organization
Company officer
-
What are Based upon the authority delegated to the fire officer to implement organizational policies and procedures
Orders
-
What time can be defined as a planned quantitive allocation of resources for specific activities
Budget
-
Model or format which a budget process conforms
Budget system
-
Description of how costs or revenues are divided between capital and operational purchase
Budget type
-
Elements of the budget systems
Line item budgeting, zero based budgeting, matrix budgeting, program budgeting, performance budgeting, planning programming budgeting system
-
What is the capital budget
Items that cost more than a certain specified amount of money and are expected to last more than one year (usually three or more years)
-
What is an organizations operating budget used to pay for
Recurring expenses of day-to-day operations
-
An account who’s assets or managed by a trustee or a board of trustees for the benefit of another party
Trust fund
-
What are perpetual trusts
Funds from which only income from capital may be expended
-
What are long term trusts
Funds from which both income and capital may be expended
-
What are short term trusts
Funds that are spent in the current year for some expressed purpose
-
I find that is established to finance in account for the acquisition , Operation, and maintenance of the government facilities and services that are entirely or predominantly self supporting by the user fees such as water and sewer service
Enterprise funds
-
And entity that exist to furnish services to the population of a service area and charges a fee related to the cost of the service
Auxiliary enterprise
-
The count that receives a specified amount of revenue that will be used in the future to pay off jurisdictions indebtedness
Sinking funds
-
I promise to repay the principal along with interest on a specified date
A bond
-
Donations for subsidies from national or state governments
Grants/gifts
-
Mandated purchases or costs such as assessments to the sinking fund personal wages and personal benefits
Fixed cost spending
-
Spending that occurs after fixed costs are paid main clued the purchase of new equipment for the upgrade or implementation of a new program
Discretionary spending
-
Justifying a budget request requires documentation supporting evidence
Justification
-
Refers to the fire and emergency services organization as well as the parent organization which it may be assigned
Internal review
-
The final review that a budget request document receives
External review
-
Do you leading cause a fire fighter fatalities
Cardiac arrest
-
How long must exposure records be maintained
30 years
-
What is the smallest unit of the of an organization
A company
-
Scalar structure
Chain of authority
-
Those who deliver services to the public or external customers
Line personal
-
Those who provide support to the lawn personnel or internal customers
Staff personnel
-
Authority refers to the legal ability of an individual to make and implement decisions for which the individual is held accountable
Decision making authority
-
Decisions are made by one person at the top of the structure
Centralized authority
-
Decisions are allowed to be made at a lower level
D centralized authority
-
A management principle that states that each subordinate must have only one supervisor
Unity of command
-
The pathway of responsibility from the top of the organization to the bottom and vice versa
Chain of command
-
When is subordinate sidesteps the immediate supervisor
End run
-
When personnel are assigned by the supervisor to perform duties that fall under the authority of another supervisor
Functional supervision
-
The number of subordinatesthat one individual can supervise
Span of control
-
Dividing larger jobs into smaller tasks
Division of labor
-
At the broadcast level fire and emergency services organizations can be classified as what
Public or private
-
Thai level is The most common jurisdiction for fire and emergency services organizations
Municipal fire department
-
State provincial emergency fire suppression company is organized for what
Forest, wild land, and urban interface fires
-
Responses under a mutual aid agreement are usually on a
On request basis
-
One of the most effective teaching models and the one provided by Ifsta is
Four step method of instruction
-
The basic to all teaching, is essentially a roadmap that guides the instructor, teacher, company officer through a topic
Lesson plan
-
What allows interactions between a teacher and students, is also less formal approach to teaching, however it is not less structured
Discussions
-
What discussion format will company officers most likely use where they act as a facilitator and present a topic to the students
Guided discussion
-
The act of showing how to do something or have something operates or acts
Demonstration
-
What is Sometimes called company drills or essential for providing safe and efficient fire and emergency services
Practical training evolutions
-
What involve small numbers of students performing a single task that requires only a few skills
Simpleevolutions
-
What must be used by all federal agencies that receive federal funding
ICS or nims
-
May involve multiple units agencies or jurisdictions in scenarios they require higher levels of cooperation and coordination
Complex evolutions
-
The most important resources available to the fire and emergency services, the personnel that compose the organization
Human resources
-
What type of plan develop policies procedures and rules that are used frequently
Standing plan
-
What have a plan accomplish a specific objective such as development of a program project or budget
Single use plan
-
What type of plan chart the course of the organization over an indefinite future that is divided into a definite time
Strategic plan
-
What type of plan focus on how objectives will be accomplish
Operational – administrative plan
-
creates an alternative plans that can be implemented in the event of uncontrollable circumstances
Contingency plans
-
Planning that involves two distinct activities that occur at two different times; pre-incident and at the scene
Emergency incident planning
-
Plans may be altered for what reasons
Existing conditions may warrant the immediate alteration of an operation, or original requirements or not being effectively met
-
An experienced member of a unit who can provide personal instruction and encouragement to a new employee
A mentor
-
What type of leave Is accrued by a employee based on the length of service and or labor management agreement
Vacation leave
-
One of the greatest challenges to supervisors and managers in the past half century has been dealing with situations involving what
Hostile work environment
-
The US fire ministration estimates but how many firefighters in the US may be abusing drugs, and estimates how many of the total firefighters population has either use drugs or alcohol
10% and 75%
-
An indication of a serious problem but employee is having trouble coping with or it may be the result of circumstances beyond the employees control
Absenteeism
-
A type of behavior that occurs when people hide their own emotions so that others do not know how they feel
Passive (nonaggressive) behavior
-
A type of behavior When people express their emotions openly by using threatening behaviors
Aggressive behavior
-
A type of behavior that Occurs when people express their emotions honestly and defend the rights without hurting others
Assertive behavior
-
What is the main purpose of discipline ***test***
To educate
-
National Labour relations Board vs J Weingarten Guarantees the employee The right to union representation during what
Investigatory interview or counseling session
-
A type of discipline that starts with training education to correct the first instance an employee fails to make performance standards or violate the rules of conduct
Progressive discipline
-
Progressive discipline involves what three levels
Preventive action, correct of action, punitive action
-
Contracts that you would not join a union
Yellow dog contracts
-
Was passed in 1938 to guarantee that workers in the private sector would receive overtime pay after 40 hours in one week
Fair labor standards act
-
Provided specific penalties for NL RB violations, including fines and imprisonment
Taft Hartley act
-
Required to join a union
Closed shop
-
Negotiation between organized employees and their employer to determine wages hours benefits and working conditions
Collective bargaining
-
A type of bargaining that requires both parties to continue really focus on the welfare of the public
Mutual gains bargaining
-
A grievance must be initiated Within how many workdays
15
-
Concept where fire stations are house somewhere near the center of town, many times they serve the community as a gathering spots for citizens
Village fire company concept
-
One of the most cost-effective safety activities of any fire and emergency services organization to enhance our public image is
Public fire and life safety education
-
Systematic control of an organizations records finishers quick access to information
Records management
-
Exposure Records must be maintained for how long following the end of employment
30 yrs
-
Medical records are kept on all employees for the duration of their employment plus how many years after they retire ***test***
30yrs
-
The entire process of gathering and evaluating information , Developing procedures based on that information and ensuring that the information remains current
Preincident planning
-
What is the most useful information that company officers together during a pre-incident survey
Are they building is constructed
-
Construction type that are made of non-compostable or limited combustible materials also called fire resistive construction
Type 1 construction
-
Similar to type one construction also called noncombustible or noncombustible/limited combustible
Type 2 construction
-
Exterior walls and structural members are made of non-combustible or limited combustible materials but interior structure may be completely or partially constructed of wood also called (ordinary construction)
Type three construction
-
Consist of exterior and interior walls That are non-combustible or limited combustible materials ( heavy timber)
Type 4 construction
-
Made entirely of or partially of a word or other approved combustible material (most single family dwelling homes)
Type 5 construction
-
Requires a three hour fire resistance rating of the frame and loadbearing walls, floors must have a two hour fire resistance rating, and Roofs must have a one and a half hour fire resistant writing
Type 1A
-
Structural framing loadbearing walls 2 hr rating. Floors must have 2 hour rating and roof must have one hour writing
Type 1B
-
Requires non-combustible materials similar to type one the structural elements must be of steel concrete or masonry
Type 2 A
-
Requires approved noncombustible materials but the materials may have no assigned fire rating
Type 2B
-
Requires materials that will provide 1hr fire resistance throughout structure
Type 3A
-
Type 3 construction that lacks 1 hr rating
Type 3b
-
To qualify as heavy timber what is the smallest thickness the wood can be
8 inches
-
Requires a one hour fire resistance rating for all structural elements except for non-bearing interior walls
Type 5A
-
May have no fire rating
type 5B
-
What is the basic purpose of a roof
To protect the inside of the building from the outside weather
-
Sometimes called lamella roofsAre composed of a relatively short timbers of uniform length
Trussless arched roof
-
In this type of construction plywood panels are supported by purlins between laminated wooden beams or gussetted wooden trusses that span from outside wall outside ***test***
Lightweight construction
-
More than 60% of the roof systems in the US are built using what
Truss system
-
A rough drawing of a building that has repaired during the facility survey
Field sketch
-
What are the three major tasks with any pre-incident plan
Gathering data, entering data, keeping the data current
-
The ability of a system to work with the use of parts or equipment from another system
Inter-operability
-
Most portable radios have a very limited amount of transmitting and receiving power usually only
1 to 5 watts ( range may be less than a mile
-
Typical wattage of a mobile radio
100 to 150 watts
-
What converts the signal produced by ones have a device to A form compatible with another device
Modem
-
The name for any form of high speed Internet access they are at least 10 times faster than modems
Broadband
-
What are the five C’s of radio communication
Conciseness, clarity, confidence, control, compatibility
-
Responsible for the collection of population and dissemination of operational information in the preparation and documentation of the incident action plan
Planning section
-
Responsible for all tactical incident operations includes branches divisions or groups of single resources
Operation section
-
Responsible for providing facilities services and material support for the incident, includes the supply, food, ground support, communications, facilities, and medical units
Logistics section
-
Responsible friend financial, reimbursement in administrative services to support incident
Financial administration section
-
Responsible for managing internal information and intelligence and operational security requirements supporting incident management activities
Information and intelligence function
-
The number of direct subordinates that one supervisor can manage
Span of control
-
Location from where all incident tactical operations are directed, located at or in the immediate vicinity of the incident site
Incident command post
-
Identifies incident priorities and objectives, we should dictate how tactical operations must be conducted
Incident action plan
-
Dictates that each responder has only one supervisor
Unity of command
-
Contains information on the assigned radio tactical channels, section, branch, and division, and communication protocols for the incident
Communications plan
-
What involves the decisions resources and activities that require to control an incident
Incident stabilization
-
What is the result of incident stabilization
Property conservation
-
What is the order of organizational levels
Command, command staff, general staff, section, branch, division, group, unit
-
Layman wrote a book called what _____describing considerations needed for analyzing any fire emergency situation what are the considerations he talked about
- Called firefighting tactics
- Considerations are facts, probabilities, own situation, decision, plan of operation
-
An incident action plan normally covers a single operational period Usually about how long
12 hours
-
What zone is where a decontamination station is normally assembled
Warm zone
-
The zone that may include the incident command post, ric crew, PIO, rehab area, and the staging area for personal and equipment
Cold zone
-
What is always the first and the highest priority
Life safety
-
What color smoke indicates that the pyrolysis(chemical change) is occurring
Light colored smoke
-
What color smoke indicates burning synthetic or petro chemical materials or a reaction in the air available to the fire
Dark colored smoke
-
What density of smoke in the case burning petroleum based materials such as plastics or rubber
Thick dense smoke
-
What density of smoke can indicate burning natural fiber materials
Thin smoke
-
Separation between the under pressure( lighter air) and over pressure( heavier air) regions of a compartment
Height of the neutral plane
-
May indicate that the fire is in early stages of development
Hi neutral plane
-
Could indicate that the compartment has not ventilated yet and that flash over is approaching
Mid-level neutral plane
-
May indicate that they far as reaching backdraft conditions
Low level neutral plane
-
Slow smooth movement of air toward a fire in the case that it is in what stage
Early stages and still fuel controlled
-
Pulsation of airIndicate fuel rich in oxygen deficient condition that can result in what
Backdraft
-
Whistling noise created by the movement of air into the structure indicates what
That back draft is eminent
-
Blackened are crazed glass indicates what
Blackened indicates rich fuel and crazed indicates high heat
-
What indicates a temperature extreme and location of the neutral plane
Blistered paint
-
Sudden he build it gives a very late indicator of what
Flash over at the ceiling
-
What color flame indicates a reasonable air supply is reaching the fire
Yellow
-
What color flame indicates that less air is reaching the fire and the fire is fuel driven
Reddish orange
-
What color flame indicates that the material is exposed to the main body of fire are beginning tonight through pyrolysis
Light yellow or clear
-
What color claim indicates incomplete combustion near the new truck lane and hide presents up and burn materials that Levelcan also indicate fire is fueled by natural gas
Blue
-
The overall plans for controlling an incident
Strategic goals
-
Statements of measurable outcomes
Tactical objectives
-
Under no circumstances my fear than how many responders be left in a hazardous area
2
-
Involves a company officer Serving as the incident commander developing an IEP in performing active tasks such as advancing a hose line
Combat command
-
Involves a company officer remaining at the mobile radio in the apparatus assigning tasks to units
Formal command
-
How to transfer of command be done
In person
-
It’s simple analogy that we used in transferring command
-
Defensive operations are justified in what conditions involving a structure
Volume of fire is more than a single unit can put out, structural deterioration, collapse probability
-
What are high rise structures considered in company officer
Seven stories or more in height from grade level
-
Indicates that an aircraft approaching the airport is in minor difficulty
Alert 1
-
Indicates that an aircraft approaching the airport is major difficulty example engine on fire faulty landing gear
Alert 2
-
IndicateThat an aircraft is involved in an accident on or near the airport
Alert three
-
What is a legal term that refers to the handling and integrity of real evidence that his physical materials
Chain of custody
-
What 2 legal cases and establish the requirement for warrants and see it before the investigation of a fire scene
Michigan vs Tyler and Robert Tompkins and Michigan vs Clifford
-
Fires that do not involve a delivery human act to ignite or spread into an area
Accidental
-
Fires such as those caused by lightning storms or floods
Natural
-
Fire set deliberately
Incendiary
-
A carbon-based remains of burned organic material
Charring
-
What burn patterns may be a indicator of the use of accelerants in starting a fire
Hourglass pattern
-
Normal burn patterns inside structures form what from the point of origin
A cone shaped pattern
-
Swollen light bulbs usually point towards what
The source of heat
-
What tracks an item of evidence from the time it is found in until it is ultimately disposed of or return to its owner
Chain of custody
-
Determines the presence of materials such as ignition devices or ignitable liquid that may be used as accelerants
Fire debris analysis
-
Determines the Composition of an explosive and type of detonation device employed
Forensic analysis of explosive evidence
-
Examines items such as damaged electrical wiring fibers tool Marks
Microanalysis
-
Examines human DNA and skin
Biological analysis
-
Analyzes body fluids
Serology
-
Identifies deceased victims
Forensic anthropology
-
Determines the cause of death victims
Forensic pathology
-
Determines the presents poison in victims
Forensic toxicology
-
What are the 2 primary types of repeater systems
Apparatus and geographical area
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