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1. Between artificial means used in the physical therapy treatments we can include:
a) mechanical energy
b) solar radiation
c) natural nuclear and magnetic radiation
d) electric and thermic energy
a, d
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Between goals of the physiatrics we can include:
a) elimination of the pain
b) influence of the reactivity of the organism
c) reduction of the content of nutrients in tissue
d) recondition of the human body
a, b, d
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Choose the correct sentence:
a. cold (algidity) hyperemia has a dark red colour
b) hot (thermic) hyperemia has light red colour
c) therapeutic effects of hyperemia is the improvement of nutrition and circulation
d) resorptive effect of hyperemia in the deterioration of resorption of transudates and exudates
c
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Consensual reaction is:
a) reaction of body after the whole body application of thermotherapy
b) reaction of another part of body after application of thermotherapy
c) reaction in some specific dermatome after application of thermotherapy
d) reaction of body nucleus after partial hydrotherapy
b
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Choose the correct sentence:
a) conduction occurs when the body is in a direct contact with the source of heat or cold
b) convection occurs when particles move around and across the body
c) radiation is the transfer of heat from a cooler source to a warm source through a conducting medium
d) evaporation is not dependent on the humidity of the surrounding air
a, b
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Choose the correct sentences about the physiological effect of cold
a) cold reduces reflex muscle spasms
b) cold increases the excitability of free nerve endings and peripheral nerve fibres
c) cooling of a large area might cause arterial vasodilation in other remote part of the body
d) if a large area is cooled, the hypothalamus will automatically induce shivering
a, d
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The effect of local heating is
a) hyperemia
b) spasmolytic effect
c) resorption of exudates and oedema, relaxation of soft tissues
d) immunobiological effect
a, b, c, d
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Choose the correct sentences about the body coat:
a) it is a main producer of heat for the basal metabolism
b) it is independent on the temperature outside
c) it is an isolating layer
d) it is important for thermoinsulation between nucleus and outer environment
c, d
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The positive thermotherapy is:
a) cooling of large area of the body
b) most effective in the acute stages of healing process
c) induction of the heat in the organism
d) contraindicated in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon or patient with cold allergies
c
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Choose the correct sentences about the Priessnitz compress:
a) is a compress with 3 layers
b) its effect is based only on isothermal and hyperthermic reaction
c) it is the same as tripes compress
d) it is indicated in rheumatology disorders
a, d
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Choose the correct sentences about the Scottish power stream
a) is a radical and irritating curative water procedure
b) water temperatures (30°C, 10°C) rapidly changes in the process
c) a stream of water is applied from 3 – 4 m distance under a pressure around 100 – 300 kPa
d) the first shower is applied on anterior part of lower limbs and continues to posterior part of back sides of trunk
a, c
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Choose the correct sentence about the iodine bath
a) the solution is made from Kl + NaCl + water
b) is recommended to patient with hypothereosis
c) is indicated to patients with skin problems
d) the effect is higher metabolism in skin and hyperemia
a, b, c, d
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Choose the correct sentence about sauna
a) its effect is hyperemia of the cutis, subcutis, and muscles
b) it is a hot air bath (60 - 100°) and low moisture (5 – 30 %)
c) is indicated to patients with chronic rheumatism
d) vasoconstriction occurs during the cooling period and it increases the blood pressure
a, b, c, d
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Choose the correct sentence about the therapeutic traction:
a) manual or instrumental technique
b) uses gentle pulling force in the horizontal axis of the vertebral column
c) the traction test isn’t so important to do before the traction
d) after the therapeutic traction of L spine patient must stay in lying position (as the same time as the traction)
a, d
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Choose the correct sentence about the therapeutic ultrasound:
a) it is not allowed to combinate with other physiatric techniques
b. it is an acoustic vibration of high frequency
c) has specific therapeutic frequency range between 0.75 – 3 MHz
d) continuous ultrasound waves output causes non-thermal effect
b, c
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Choose the correct sentence about the therapeutic ultrasound:
a) ultrasound energy generated at 1 MHz is transmitted through more superficial tissues and absorbed in deeper tissues at depth of 3 to 5 cm
b) moving US transducer or using pulsed wave ultrasound can minimize the development of hot spot
c) main physical characteristics is reflexion and refraction
d) ultrasound energy generated at 3 MHz is absorbed in more superficial tissues with depths of penetration between 1 to 2 cm
a, b, c, d
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Between general contraindication of thermotherapy belongs:
a) acute injuries, skin anesthesia
b) impaired circulation, subacute or chronic pain
c) myofascial trigger points
d) open wounds
a, d
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Choose the correct sentence about the paraffin bath:
a) the paraffin is a superficial heating agent used for delivering heat to small, irregular shaped areas
b) is recommended to patients with the scleroderma with obliteration of peripheral arteries
c) is beneficial in chronic conditions as an acute arthritis or acute inflammatory conditions
d) is indicated to patients with skin problems
a, c
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Between absolute contraindication for lymph massage belongs:
a) absolute inflammation caused by bacteria, viruses, poisons, or allergens
b) any metastatic or systemic malignant conditions
c) thrombosis and phlebitis
d) major heart problems
a, b, c, d
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Choose the correct sentence about the mechanism of shockwave:
a) extracorporeal shockwaves are pressure waves generated mechanically
b) shockwaves are different from other acoustic waves because they are at a very high frequency
c) shockwaves are characterized by jump change in pressure, high amplitude, non-periodicity
d) the shockwave energy promotes regeneration and reparative processes of the bones, tendons and other soft tissues
c, d
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Between advantages of ultrasound hands-free application belongs:
a) equal ultrasound dosage over the entire treated area
b) maximum safety using the cavitation
c) more efficient-therapy and elimination of the hot spots
d) thermal and non-thermal effect using the alternating frequencies 10 and 30 MHz
a, c
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Choose the correct sentence about the adaption caused by any physical therapy modalities:
a) adaption is a negative reaction of an organism to all types and forms of physical energies
b) for multiple applications of treatments is necessary to either increase the intensity or the duration of procedure
c) adaption is decreased by reducing the mechanical pressure on the nerves
d) the magnitude of increase of each additional application is called negative STEP
b
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