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What is the primary purpose of infection control?
to prevent the transmission of infectios diseases
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How might infectious diseases be transmitted in the denta office?
- from pt to dental professional
- from dental professional to pt
- from one pt to another
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define pathogen
microorganism capable of causing disease
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name 7 pathogens that are present in oral respiratory secretions that the dental personnel or pt might be exposed to
- cold and flu viruses and bacteria
- cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- hepatitus B virus (HBV)
- hepatitus C virus (HCV)
- herpes simplex virus (HSV1, HSV2)
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
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in the dental environment name 3 routes of disease transmission
- direct contact with pathogens in saliva, blood, respiratory secretions, or lesions
- indirect contact with contaminated objects or instruments
- direct contact with airborne contaminants present in spatter or aerosols of oral and respiratory fluids
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for an infection to occur, one of what 3 conditions must be present?
- suseptible host
- pathogen with sufficient infectivity and numbers to cause infection
- a portal of entry through which the pathogen may enter the host
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what type of protective clothing is worn for infection control practice?
- gown
- lab coat
- uniform
- -change daily or more frequently if soiled
- -should be removed before leaving office, and laundered
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what type of gloves should be worn for proper infection control practice? and why?
- latex or vinyl gloves
- to prevent skin contact with blood, saliva, or mucous membrane
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what is the protocal for use of gloves?
- new gloves for each pt
- hands washed in between each pt
- worn when touching contaminated items or surfaces
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When should you wear masks and protective eye wear?
in the presence of spatter and aerosolized sprays of blood and saliva
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when should we wash our hands?
- before and after treating each pt
- after touching any contaminated surface or objects
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what type of procedure requires an antimicrobial hand scrub?
surgical
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what are critical instruments used for? what is an example?
- used to penetrate soft tissue or bone
- forceps
- scalpels
- bone chisel
- scalers
- surgical burs
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what are semicritical instruments? give examples.
- contact but do not penetrate soft tissue or bone
- x-ray film holding devices
- mirrors
- amalgam condensors
- burs
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what are noncritical instruments? give examples.
- do not come in contact with mucous membrane
- position indicating device
- exposure button
- x-ray control panel
- lead apron
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how should you clean critical instruments?
sterilize in autoclave
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how should you clean semicritical instruments?
high-level disinfectants
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how should you clean non-critical instruments?
must be disinfected
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how should you clean dental units and surfaces?
- clean surfaces first with disposable towels and cleaning agent
- surfaces then must be disinfected
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define high-level disinfectant
EPA-registered labeled to disinfect heat sensitive semicritical instruments
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define intermediate level disinfectant.
EPA registered labeled as hospital disinfectants and turerculodidals (phenolics, iodophors, and chlorine-containing compounds)
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define low-level disinfectants
EPA-registered labeled only as hospital disinfectants and recommended for general housekeeping purposes such as cleaning floors or walls
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standard precautions
no exceptions, and no 'extra' precautions should be used on any pt
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how should you prepare the treatment area before x-ray exposure?
- make sure the;
- x-ray machine, dental chair, work area, and lead apron are clean and ready to go
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what supplies and equipment should be ready prior to x-ray exposure?
- film
- holding devices
- cotton rolls
- paper towels
- container (plastic cup)
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how should you prepare the pt. prior to x-ray exposure?
- adjust chair and headrest so that the maxillary arch is parallel to the floor and the midline is perpendicular to the floor
- place lead apron
- remove objects such as glasses, prostheses, or big earings
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how should the dental personnel prepare themselves prior to x-ray exposure?
- open bag with film holding device
- place mask
- wash hands
- place gloves
- prepare film holding device
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what do you do with, and where do you place the film after exposure?
dry it and place it in the cup
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what do you do before you remove your gloves after x-ray exposure?
- dispose of all contaminated items
- place film holders in area designated for contaminated instruments
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what do you do after you remove your gloves after x-ray exposure?
- wash hands
- remove lead apron
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how do you transport the film from the operatory to the dark room?
in a plastic cup without gloves
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what are some supplies you will need in the dark room?
- paper towels
- gloves
- envelops
- mounts
- labels
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describe film handling without barriers
- place towel on work surface with cup next to it
- glove and turn out lights
- take film out one at a time and open each package allowing film to drop on paper towel (don't touch with gloved hand)
- remove gloves and wash hands
- process films
- mount and label
- disinfect dark room
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describe the daylight loader procedure for developing radiographs
- place film in cup and gloves in container
- close daylight loader and push hands through openings
- put on gloves
- unwrap films and drop them into feed slot area
- dispose of packet in other cup
- after all films have been opened remove gloves and place in cup
- feed unwrapped films into processor
- discard all wrappings, cups, and gloves from container
- labe and mount
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