the axon terminals of all preganglionic neurons release the chemical __________ which transmits impulses across autonomic synapses.
acetylcholine
the axon terminals of all (or almost all) ________ neurons release acetylcholine into their neuroeffector junctions.
postganglionic parasympathetic
________________ axon terminals are the only axon terminals to release norepinephrine.
postganglionic sympathetic
axons whose terminals release ___________ are called cholinergic fibers.
acetylcholine
axons whose terminals release acetylcholine are called what?
cholinergic fibers
__________ are axon fibers that release chiefly N. epi
Adrenergic fibers
adrenergic fibers are axons that release chiefly _________
N. Epi
all preganglionic fibers and all parasympahetic postganglionic fibers are classified as ____________ fibers
cholinergic fibers
postganglionic sympathetic fibers are the only fibers known definitely to be ________
adrenergic
the chemical transmitter presumably released only by postganglionic sympathetic fibers is __________
N.epi
cholinergic and adrenergic responses by the same effector are_____________
antagonistic
which of the following could be correctly described as a parasympathetic response:
-an increase in the pulse rate
-diarrhea(resulting from increased peristalsis)
-high blood pressure?
diarrhea(resulting from increase peristalsis)
the general function of the _______________ nervous system is to regulate the responses of the visceral effectors in ways that tend to enable the body to expend maximal energy.
sympathetic
a drug that inhibits the parasmpathetic system___(would or would not)___ make your mouth feel dry.
would
a drug that inhibits the parasympathetic system ___(would or would not)___ constrict your pupils.
would not
a drug that inhibits the parasympathetic system ___(would or would not)___make your heart beat faster
would
a drug that inhibits the parasympathetic system ___(would or would not)___ tend to make you constipated
would
is craniosacral parasympathetic or sympathetic?
parasympathetic
is the thoracolumbar parasympathetic or sympathetic?
sympathetic
neurotransmitter used by preganglionic neuron (parasmpathetic)
acetylcholine
neurotransmitter used by preganglionic neuron (sympathetic)
acetylcholine
type of receptor found on postganglionic neuron(parasympathetic)
nicotinic
type of receptor found on postganglionic neuron(sympathetic)
nicotinic
neurotransmitter used by postganglionic neuron(parasympathetic)
acetylcholine
neurotransmitter used by postganglionic neuron(sympathetic)
N. epi
type of receptor usually found on effector(parasympathetic)
muscarinic
type of receptor usually found on effector (sympathetic)
alpha & beta
what division of the ANS has only one type of ganglia?
what division has two?
1. parasympathetic division
2. sympathetic division
what is the name of the parasympathetic ganglion?
terminal
where is the terminal type of ganglia located?
close to target
what are the two types of ganglia in the sympathetic division of the ANS
1.sympathetic chain(vertebral) ganglia
2. collateral(pre-vertebral) ganglia
where are the sympathetic chain (vertebral) ganglia located?
along the spinal cord
where are the collateral (pre-vertebral)ganglia located?
anterior to the vertebrae
if a surgeon severs the "white ramus communicans" during surgery what neurons have been cut?
preganglionic sympathetic neurons
if a surgeon severs the "gray ramus communicans" during surgery what neurons have been cut?
postganglionic sympathetic neurons
the ________ division of the ANS is also know as the thoracolumbar
sympthetic
the___________division of the ANS is also known as craniosacral
parasympathetic
the term "thoracolumbar" and "craniosacral" are based on the fact that neurons of the ANS exit the Central Nervous System in specific locations.
what cranial nerves contribute to the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
3,7,9,10
what cranial nerves contribute to the smpathetic division of the ANS?
none
what spinal nerves contribute to the parasympathetic dicision of the ANS?
S2-S4
what spinal nerves contribute to the sympathetic division of the ANS?
T1-L2
which division of the ANS has a general effect on the entire body at one time?
parasympathetic
which division of the ANS has a localized effect on the body?
sympathetic
the ____________ division of the ANS is responsible for the rest and response (maintenance) response of the body.
parasympathetic
the _________ division of the ANS is responsible for the fight or flight (maximal energy expenditure) response of the body
sympathetic
the location of the ANS ganglia affects the length of the pre-ganglionic neurons?
parasympathetic division
which division will have relatively short pre-ganglionic neurons?
sympathetic division
which division will have relatively long post-ganglionic neurons?
sympathetic division
which division will have relatively short post-ganglionic neurons?
parasypathetic division
the major control center for both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS is the _____________ of the brain.