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What are the two parts of an atom?
- nucleus: contains protons and neutrons
- electron cloud: contains electrons
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What are examples of functions of proteins and what are their building blocks?
- enzymes in our bodies
- amino acids
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When does diffusion stop?
When there is no concentration gradient
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What are the three parts of the cell theory?
- all living things are made up of cells
- all cells come from pre-existing cells
- cells are the most basic unit of life
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What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
- Prokaryotes: unicellular, no nucleus, no organelles, linear DNA
- Eukaryotes: uni or multicellular, nucleus, membrane bound organelles, circular DNA
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What are different types of passive transport?
- diffusion
- osmosis
- facilitated diffusion
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What is the difference between passive and active transport?
- Active transport takes energy and moves from low to high concentration
- passive transport does not take energy and moves from high to low concentration
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What are the three parts of the pH scale?
- Acidic: 1-6
- Neutral: 7
- Basic: 8-14
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What are the building blocks of carbohydrates and examples of each?
- monosaccharide: glucose
- disaccharides: sucrose
- polysaccharides: starch
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What are the building blocks of nucleic acids and what makes them up?
nucleotides: phosphate group, sugar, base pair
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What are the building blocks and examples of lipids?
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Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell and produces ATP by cellular respiration?
mitochondria
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Which organelle provides some kind of structure or skeleton to the cell?
cytoskeleton
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Which organelle is a rigid structure found only in plant cells and helps support and protect the cell?
cell wall
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Which organelle is only in animal cells and aids in cell division?
centrioles
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Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that helps fight disease in the cell and removes waste?
lysosomes
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Which organelle is like a packing plant and storage site within the cell?
golgi body
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Which organelle creates proteins?
ribosomes
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What is the name of the gel-like material that holds all the organelles?
cytoplasm
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Which organelle creates ribosomes?
nucleolus
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Which organelle controls what goes in and out of the cell, what is it made of, and what function does it serve?
- plasma membrane
- phospholipids
- regulates what enters and leaves the cell
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What happens when a cell is placed in a saltwater solution and what is this solution called?
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What happens when a cell is in an isotonic solution?
the cells will stay the same
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What happens in a hypotonic solution?
cells expand because water rushes into the cell
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What protein is used during active transport?
carrier protein
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Which molecule traps energy from sunlight in a plant and contains green pigment?
chlorophyll
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How does energy get released from ATP?
breaking bonds between phosphates two and three
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What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O (sunlight) ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
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What are the three components to ATP?
- adenine
- ribose
- phosphate groups
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What molecule stores energy within cells that can be later used?
ATP
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What is the difference in the ATP production in aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
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What do you call cellular respiration when oxygen is not present and what are the two types?
- fermentation
- alcoholic and lactic acid
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Which chemical reaction releases stored energy, has three stages, breaks down food and uses oxygen?
cellular respiration
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Which process uses carbon dioxide, makes food, and stores energy?
photosynthesis
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What is used to collect information to put a hypothesis to a test?
experiment
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What part of the experiment is when all conditions are kept the same?
control
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What steps are used by scientists during an experiment?
scientific method
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What is the purpose for replicating DNA?
during cell division, each new cell has a new copy
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What is the complimentary strand to the DNA sequence TAGCGTA
ATCGCAT
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During semiconservative replication, what are the results for the two new DNA molecules?
each strand has an old strand and a new strand
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What is the difference between DNA and RNA
- DNA: has thymine, deoxyribose sugar, genetic code, double helix
- RNA: has uracil, ribose sugar, copies genetic code, single strand
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