-
Define articulations?
- Any place where bones come
- Together (meet) not necessarily
- Movable
-
How can joints articulate?
- Directly or with
- Cartilage, fluid or fibrous
- Tissue between bones
-
Name the two joint classifications?
-
How is the functional category of joints determined?
- By degree of movement
- How tightly bones fit
- Flexibility
- Range of motion
-
What does "arthos" mean?
Joint
-
What are the three categories of functional joints?
- Synarthroses
- Amphiarthroses
- Diarthroses
-
What does "syn" mean? What does synarthrosis used to describe?
-
What are the synarthrosis articulations?
- Epiphyseal cartilage
- Gomphosis
- Synostosis
-
Where are gomphosis joint found? What are they made of?
- Teeth in jaw
- Fibrous
- Suture gomphosis
-
Define amphiarthrosis? What does "amphi mean?
- Slight movement
- On both sides
-
Name the fibrous and cartilage articulations of amphiarthrosis?
-
Where is the syndemosis joint located?
- Tibia and fibula
- Collagen fibers
-
Where is the symphysis joint located?
- Pubic symphysis
- Invertebral disc
- Cartilage
-
What are the two functional articulations of the axial skeletal system?
- Synarthrosis
- Amphiarthrosis
-
What is the appedicular functional articulation?
Diarthrosis
-
What does diathrosis mean? What does di mean?
- Freely movable
- Twice=two, seperated
-
What is another name for diathrosis?
Synovial
-
What is the most common type of joint in the body?
Synovial
-
Where are shapes of synovial joints? Where are they found?
- Have a variety of shapes
- And permit different types of movements
- Usually found at the end of long bones
- Elbow, knee, shoulder, knuckle
- Hip, thumb, ribs 2-7
-
What is the main difference between synovial and fibrous joints?
- The existence of capsules surrounding
- The articulating surfaces of a synovial joint
- & the presence of lubricating synovial fluid within
- that capsule (synovial cavity).
-
Name the unique characteristics of synovial joints?
- Bones are united by capsule (holds fluid)
- Often ligaments (tendons for support)
- Joint cavity with fluid
- Accessory structures
-
What are the accessory structures of the synovial joints?
- Bursae
- Fat pads
- Cartilage (articular)
- Nerves
- Blood vessels
-
What is the structure of diarthroses?
- Joint capsule(dense c.t)
- Articulating cartilages(more fluid within matrix)
- Hyaline cartilage on bone ends
- Synovial cavity lined with
- Synovial membrane which secrets
- Synovial fluid
-
What are is the function of synovial fluid?
- Lubrication (virtually frictionless)
- Nourishes chondrocytes
- Shock absorber/distributer
-
Define bursae?
- Packets of synovial fluid in
- Envelope lined by synovial
- Membrane
-
Name the three types of synovial joint movements?
-
Define linear movement?
- Gliding, sliding
- Movement slight
-
What bones have linear movement?
- Carpal bones, tarsal bones
- Clavicle & sternum
-
What are the five angular movements?
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Flexion
- Extension
- Circumduction
-
Define abduction?
- Away from the longitundinal axis
- (midsagittal)
-
Define adduction?
Move back to center axis
-
Define flexion?
- In anterior/ posterior plane,
- Reduces angle between
- Articulting bones
-
Define extension?
Returns to anatomical position
-
Define hyperextension?
Returns beyond anatomical position
-
-
Define rotation?
- Right/left "no"
- Internal/external (whole limb)
- Pronation/supination
- Pro=palm down
- Sup=palm up
-
What are the special movements?
- Inversion/eversion
- Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
- Lateral flexion
- Protraction/retraction
- Opposition
- Elevation/depression
-
What is lateral flexion?
Leaning sideways
-
Give an example of opposition?
- Thumbs ability to touch
- Each finger
-
Give an example of protraction/retraction?
- Protraction (chin moves away from body)
- Retraction (chin moves towards neck)
-
-
-
Give an example of elevation/depression?
- Shrug shoulders (elevation)
- Pull shoulders down (depression)
-
What are the structural classifications of synovial joints?
- Plane joints
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Condylar (ellipsoidal)
- Ball and socket
- Saddle
-
Name the plane joints of the structural classification of synovial joints?
-
Name the hinge joint of the structural classification of synovial joints?
Elbow
-
Name the pivot joints of the structural classification of synovial joints?
- Atlas, & axis
- Radius & radical notch
-
Name the condylar joints of the structural classification of synovial joints?
- Fingers & toes
- Metacarpals & metatarsals
-
Name the ball & socket joints of the structural classification of synovial joints?
-
Name the saddle joint of the structural classification of synovial joints?
Base of thumb
-
Define condyle? Give examples.
- A rounded process that
- Usually articulates with another bone
- Occipital condyle of occipital bone
-
Define crest? Give example.
- A narrow, ridgelike projection
- Iliac crest of ilium
-
Define Epicondyle? Give examples.
- A projection situated above a condyle
- Medial epicondyle of humerus
-
Define fossa? Give examples.
- A relatively deep pit
- Or depression
- Olecranon fossa of humerus
-
Define trocanter? Give examples.
- A relatively large process
- Greater troncanter of femur
-
Define tuberosity? Give examples.
- A knoblike process
- Usually larger then a tubercle
- Radial tuberosity of radius
|
|
