The "knee jerk" reflex is an example of a(n) ________.
D) stretch reflex
The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve.
C) cervical
Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus?
A) phrenic
Which of the following is at the lowest level of the CNS?
C) CPG
The three primary levels of neural integration in a sensory system include all of the following except the ________.
D) effector level
The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve.
B) tibial
Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are, in order ________.
C) rami, trunks, divisions, and cords
The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the ________.
C) accessory
Which of the following is not a nerve plexus?
A) thoracic
A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________.
B) femoral
Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________.
D) sacral plexus
The abducens nerve ________.
D) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
Basic reflexes ________.
A) may be modified by learned behavior
Which of the following is not true about the integration center of a reflex arc?
C) There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons.
Striking the ʺfunny boneʺ is actually stimulation of the ________.
C) ulnar nerve
Which of the following numbers of pairs of spinal nerves is correct?
A) twelve thoracic
Select the statement about plexuses that is most correct ________.
A) Only ventral rami form plexuses
A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle contraction is called a ________.
B) Golgi tendon reflex
Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors are ________.
C) exteroceptors
Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.
B) nociceptors
Meissnerʹs corpuscles ________.
D) are mechanoreceptors
Which receptors adapt most slowly?
A) nociceptors
The abducens nerve conveys proprioceptor impulses from the ________ to the brain.
A) lateral rectus muscle
Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.
D) afferent nerves
After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.
A) Schwann cells
Regeneration within the CNS ________.
A) is complicated by secondary demyelination
In a crossed extensor reflex, if the right arm were grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.
D) extend
Select the correct definition.
B) Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face.
All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.
B) thalamus
The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves?
C) common fibular and tibial
The largest and longest nerve of the body is found in the ________.
C) sacral plexus
Irritation of a major nerve of this plexus may cause hiccups.
A) cervical plexus
Bellʹs palsy ________.
C) is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles
Babinskiʹs sign is ________.
B) when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally
A simple spinal reflex goes along which of the following reflex arcs?
B) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?
C) vestibulocochlear
Transduction refers to conversion of ________.
B) stimulus information to nerve impulses
________ always takes a nonspecific ascending pathway.
C) Touch
The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve?
C) musculocutaneous
The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________.
D) trochlear
Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?
C) vestibulocochlear
A fracture of the ethmoid bone would result in damage to which cranial nerve?
C) olfactory
Select the statement that is most correct.
D) Afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons.
An improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________.
A) sciatica
Which nerve does not use the jugular foramen as a route of exit from the skull?
C) trigeminal
The peripheral nervous system includes ________.
C) sensory receptors
Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________.
C) Pacinian corpuscles
A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged?
D) facial
The circuit level of the somatosensory system involves CNS centers in all of the following except the ________.
D) cerebral cortex
The projection level of the brain does not include the ________.
A) basal nuclei
If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?
B) a complete loss of voluntary movement
________ law states that any nerve serving a muscle that produces movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself and the skin over the joint.
Hiltonʹs
________ are modified free-nerve endings found in the stratum germinativum.
Merkel discs
The perineurium defines the boundary of a ________.
fascicle
The ________ nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves.
trigeminal
Ventral spinal cord roots contain ________ fibers, while the dorsal roots contain ________ fibers.
motor (efferent); sensory (afferent)
The facial nerve is cranial nerve number ________.
VII
________ is a protective reflex that overrides the spinal pathways and prevents any other reflexes from using them at the same time.
Flexor (polysynaptic) reflex
________ is the tingling sensation or numbness when blood has been cut off from an area, as when the foot ʺgoes to sleep.ʺ
Ischemia
Pain perception is involved in the ________ ascending pathways of the somatosensory system.
nonspecific
Complex motor behavior such as walking depends on ________ patterns.
fixed-action
The meningeal branch of a spinal nerve actually reenters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels. True or False
True
In the somatosensory system there are no third-order neurons in the cerebellum. True or False
True
There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves. True or False
False
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers. True or False
False
The musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus. True or False
True
The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers. True or False
True
The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves. True or False
True
The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord. True or False
False
Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves. True or False
True
Spinal roots and rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers. True or False
True
Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups. True or False
True
The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus. True or False
False
Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated, another sensory neuron in the same area is inhibited and cannot respond. True or False
False
External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve. True or False
True
External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve. True or False
