Ch. 5 states z-scores

• 1. each z-score tells the exact location of the original X value within the distribution
• 2. z-score form a standardized distribution that can be directly compared to other distributions that also have been transformed into z-scores

specifies the precise location of each x value withing a distribution. Always includes a + or - sign

z-score shape will be the same as the original distribution of raw scores

z-score distribution will always have a mean of 0

distribution of z-scores will always have a standard deviation of 1

is composed of scores that have been transformed to create predetermined values for u and o. standardized distributions are used to make dissimilar distributions comparable

• 1. the original raw scores are transformed into z-scores
• 2. the z-scores are then transformed into new X values so that the specific u and o are attained

• 1. the sample of z-scores will have the same shape as the original sample of scores
• 2. the sample of z-scores will have a mean of 0
• 3. the sample of z-scores will have a standard deviation of 1.