What are the four stages of human sexual response?
Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution
____ is the stage with heightened physiological arousal which include increased breathing, blood flow to skin surface and fast heart rate
Excitement
Erection occurs in ____ stage
Excitement
Bulbourethral glands secretion release- pre-ejaculatory fluid- is _____ stage
Excitement
_____ is the stage of maximum physiological arousal, could be sustained for a period of time prior to orgasm
Plateau
“sex flush,” reddening of the skin on the abdomen and breasts, occurs in ____ stage.
Plateau
_____ stage is accompanied by muscular contraction of the pelvic floor muscles
Orgasm
Ejaculation occurs during_____
Orgasm
What term describes the physiologic pause after ejaculation?
Refractory period
Decrease in arousal when sex is finished is referred to as _______ phase
Resolution
T/F: females who experience multiple orgasms, return to plateau arousal followed by one or more additional orgasms
True
Fancy word for erection is _____
Tumescence
During erection, _______(contraction/relaxation) of the smooth muscle, mainly the_______(specific muscle)
Relaxation
Corpus cavernosa
Which ANS division is responsible for erection?
Parasympathetic
Parasympathetic fibers from the _____ and ___ portions of the spinal cord, travel via the ____ nerves and plexus and the _____ nerves to the penile corpora and vasculature. Resulting in vaso____ of the penile blood vessels.
Lumbar and sacral portions of the spinal cord
Pelvic nerves, pelvic plexus
Cavernous nerves
Dilation
Penile flaccidity (aka detumescene) is mediate by the ____ nervous system. Where preganglionic fibers exit the ____ cord and synapse in prevertebral ganglia. Postganglionic fibers would then reach the genitalia via the ___ nerves, ___ plexus.
Sympathetic
Thoracolumbar
Hypogastric cavernous
Pelvic plexus and then cavernous nerves
____ motor fibers from the sacral spinal cord form branch of the ____ nerve and innervate the striate penile muscles
Somatic
Pudendal
Tactile sensation of the penis is due to ____ nerve
Dorsal (main terminus of the sensory pudendal nerve)
T/F: erection can only take place when there is input from higher brain centers
False; can take place without input from higher brain centers and solely via tactile stimuli (mainly dorsal penile nerve). Though can be stimulated by descending pathways form the cerebral cortex
Spontaneous erections occur during the REM sleep as a result of _________
Cerebral cortex stimulation
_____diffuses across the extracellular space to the smooth muscle cell where it binds to
guanylyl cyclase. Guanylyl cyclase generates _____, which activates _____, which helps to remove phosphate from the _____and the smooth muscle relaxes
Nitric oxide
cGMP
Myosin light chain phosphatase
myosin head
emission is the result of peristaltic _____ of the ampullary portion of the vas deferens, the seminal vesicles and the prostatic smooth muscles surrounding the prostatic urethra, and accompanied by _____ of the internal bladder sphincter which is under ______ control
contraction
constriction
sympathetic
T/F: ejaculation is a spinal cord reflex though also under considerable cerebral control
True
Ejaculation is normally ____ of the internal urethral sphincter, while retrograde ejaculation occurs when the sphincter ______
Constriction
Fails to constrict (so semen enters the urinary bladder instead of down the urethra)
What could be a likely cause for lack of emission or retrograde ejaculation?
Disruptions to the Innervation of the vas deferens and bladder neck (ie DM, MS)
What type of drug could help men with retrograde ejaculation or diminished emission?
Sympathomimetic drugs could promote normal ejaculation by increasing the tone of the vas deferens and the internal sphincter
T/F: excitement or arousal phase of the male sex response may be initiated by a multitude of internal or external stimuli, including psychological factors such as thoughts and emotions
False; this describes female excitement phase, male just needs to sensory stimuli cuz theyre dense
During the plateau stage, there is marked degree of ____ throughout the body
Vasocongestion
Orgasms seem to be related to the _____ of the autonomic nervous system, as is the ejaculatory phase
Sympathetic
Early phases of sexual stimulation, _____ Signals dilate the arteries of the erectile tissues, likely due to release of Acetylcholine and _______.
Parasympathetic
Nitric oxide
Which part of the female anatomy secrete mucus inside the introitus (opening of the vaginal canal)?
Bartholin’s gland
Parasympathetic efferent controlling sexual response arise from the ____ plexus