API 571-Temper Embrittlement Prevention/Mitigation Existing Materials

The best way to minimize the likelihood and extent of temper embrittlement is to limit the acceptance levels of manganese, silicon, phosphorus, tin, antimony, and arsenic in the _____________. In addition, ___________ should be specified and carefully controlled.

A common way to minimize temper embrittlement is to limit the "J*" Factor for _______ and the "X" Factor for ________, based on material composition as follows:
J* = (Si + Mn) x (P + Sn) x 104 {elements in wt%}
X = (10P + 5Sb + 4Sn + As)/100 {elements in ppm}

Typical J* and X factors used for _______steel are a maximum of 100 and 15, respectively. Studies have also shown that limiting the ______ to less than 0.01% is sufficient to minimize temper embrittlement because __________ control the rate of embrittlement.

A newer and less widely used factor called the___________ has been
developed for _________ and _________ and is defined as follows is given by:
P = C + Mn + (Mo Cr) /3 + Si / 4 + 3.5 x [(10 x P + (5 x Sb) + (4 x Sn) + As) {elements in wt%}

Expert metallurgical advice should be solicited to determine acceptable ___________, as well as appropriate welding, fabricating and heat treating procedures for _____________ and __________ operating in the temper
embrittlement and/or creep range.