The best way to minimize the likelihood and extent of temper embrittlement is to limit the acceptance levels of manganese, silicon, phosphorus, tin, antimony, and arsenic in the _____________. In addition, ___________ should be specified and carefully controlled.
base metal and welding consumables
strength levels and PWHT procedures
A common way to minimize temper embrittlement is to limit the "J*" Factor for _______ and the "X" Factor for ________, based on material composition as follows:
J* = (Si + Mn) x (P + Sn) x 104 {elements in wt%}
X = (10P + 5Sb + 4Sn + As)/100 {elements in ppm}
base metal
weld metal
Typical J* and X factors used for _______steel are a maximum of 100 and 15, respectively. Studies have also shown that limiting the ______ to less than 0.01% is sufficient to minimize temper embrittlement because __________ control the rate of embrittlement.
2.25 Cr
(P + Sn)
(Si + Mn)
A newer and less widely used factor called the___________ has been
developed for _________ and _________ and is defined as follows is given by:
P = C + Mn + (Mo Cr) /3 + Si / 4 + 3.5 x [(10 x P + (5 x Sb) + (4 x Sn) + As) {elements in wt%}
Equivalent Phosphorus content
base metal
weld metal
Expert metallurgical advice should be solicited to determine acceptable ___________, as well as appropriate welding, fabricating and heat treating procedures for _____________ and __________ operating in the temper
embrittlement and/or creep range.
composition, toughness and strength levels
new low alloy steel heavy wall equipment
low alloy equipment
Author
egf4201
ID
349539
Card Set
API 571-Temper Embrittlement Prevention/Mitigation Existing Materials