ABSITE ch 16 critical care.txt

Normal CO

normal CI

normal SVR

normal SVRI

normal PCWP

normal CVP

normal PA pressure

normal SvO2

Mean arterial pressure

Cardiac index

Systemic vascular resistance index

End-diastolic length, linearly related to end-diastolic volume and filling

Resistance against the ventricle contracting

Determinants of stroke volume

Stroke volume

Ejection fracture

HR with maximal CO

automatic increase in contractility secondary to increased afterload

Automatic increase in contractility secondary to increased HR

Oxygen delivery

Ox consumption (VO2)

Normal O2 delivery to consumption ratio

percent of CO given to kidney

percent of CO given to brain

conditions that cause O2 unloading (right shift on oxygen-Hgb dissociation curve (5)

causes of elevated SVO2

causes of decreased SVO2.

what to do if there is hemoptysis after Swan placement

contraindications to Swan placement

approximate Swan depth from RSC approach

approximate Swan depth from RIJ approach

approximate Swan depth from LSC approach

approximate Swan depth from LIJ approach

primary determinants of myocardial O2 consumption (2)

alveolar :arterial gradient in nonventilated patient

blood with lowest venous saturation

signs of acute adrenal insufficiency

signs of chronic adrenal insufficiency (7)

potency of cortisone and hydrocortisone

potency of prednisone, prednisilone, methylpred

potency of dexamethasone

loss of sympathetic tone, with dec BP and dec HR

treatment of neurogenic shock

first BP discrepancy with hemorrhagic shock

decreased diastolic ventricular filling, hypotension, JVD, and muffled heart sounds

first sign of cardiac tamponade

early triad of symptoms for sepsis

insulin and glucose pattern in early GN sepsis

insulin and glucose pattern in lat GN sepsis

signs of fat emboli (3)

diagnostic test for fat emboli

Signs of pulmonary embolus

Patient position when air emboli is suspected

Inflation timing of IABP

Deflation timing of IABP

Role of IABP

Receptors causing vascular smooth muscle constriction, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis

Receptors causing venous smooth muscle constriction

Receptors causing myocardial contraction and rate

Receptors causing bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, vascular smooth muscle relaxation, increased insulin, glucagon and renin

Receptors that cause relaxation of renal and splanchnic smooth muscle

Drug that acts on dopamine receptors at low dose, beta receptors at medium dose, and alpha receptors at high dose

Drug that acts on beta 1 and 2 receptors (contractility, vasodilation, inc HR)

Drug that is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that causes calcium flux and myocardial contractility, as well as vascular smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation

Drug that causes vasoconstriction via alpha 1 activation

Drug that activates beta 1 at low dose and alpha 1 and 2 at high dose, potent splanchnic vasoconstrictor

Drug that activates beta 1 and 2 at low dose (contractility, vasodilation), and alpha 1 and 2 at high dose (vasoconstriction); also increases cardiac ectopic pacer activity and myocardial O2 demand

Drug that activates beta 1 and 2 (inc HR and contractility, vasodilates)

Drug that activates V1 receptors (vasoconstriction) and V2 recptors (water resorption, factor VIII and vWF release)

Arterial and venous dilator that can cause cyanide toxicity with prolonged use

Treatment of cyanide toxicity

Drug that causes primarily venodilation, and decreases myocardial wall tension by decreasing preload

Alpha blocker used to lower blood pressure

Compliance

Lung disease states with decreased compliance

Normal vent weaning parameters

FiO2 to prevent O2 radical toxicity

pressures with high risk of barotrauma

PEEP complications

Minute ventilation

lung capacity pattern for restrictive disease

lung capacity pattern for obstructive disease

physiologic states that increase dead space

mediators of SIRS

Vital signs of SIRS

Chemical pneumonitis from aspiration of gastric secretions

Most frequent site of aspiration

Things that can throw off a pulse oximeter (6)

Factors/enzymes causing pulmonary vasodilation (4)

Factors/enzymes causing pulmonary vasoconstriction (7)

Alkalosis: vasoconstricts or vasodilates pulmonary vasculature?

Acidosis: vasoconstricts or vasodilates pulmonary vasculature?

Most common cause of postoperative renal failure

Amount of nephron damage required before renal dysfunction occurs

FeNa

FeNa in prerenal failure

urine Na in prerenal failure

BUN/Cr in prerenal failure

urine osm in prerenal failure

increase in Hct for each liter removed with HD

released in response to dec BP sensed by juxtaglomerular apparatus and in response to increased Na concentration in macula densa

converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

vasoconstricts, increases HR, contractility, permeability, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis, inhibits renin

hormone released from atrial wall with atrial distantion and acts as a vasodilator

released by posterior pituitary when osmolality is high; acts on collecting ducts for water resorption

GFR of kidney controlled by afferent limb or efferent limb?

Renal toxic drugs (2 basic mechanisms for injury)

Conditions that preclude brain death

Abnormal carboxyhemoglobin

treatment for methemoglobinemia

drug involved in reperfusion injury that forms toxic oxygen radicals with reperfusion

HTN, tachycardia, delirium, seizures after 48 hours

Treatment for ETOH withdrawl