Ch4_PhysioPsyc_Exam1

removal of a structure

set of axons connecting the two cerebral hemispheres; smaller than the corpus callosum

set of neurons that regulates functioning of the internal organs

set of subcortical forebrain structures lateral to the hypothalamus, including the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus

observation that the dorsal roots of the spinal cord carry sensory information and that the ventral roots carry motor information toward the muscles and glands

question of how the visual, auditory, and other areas of the brain influence one another to produce a combined perception of a single object

hindbrain, midbrain, and posterior central structures of the forebrain

fluid-filled channel in the center of the spinal cord

brain and spinal cord

large groove in the surface of the primate cerebral cortex, separating frontal from parietal cortex

highly convoluted structure in the hindbrain

outer covering of the cerebellum

liquid similar to blood serum, found in the ventricles of the brain and in the central canal of the spinal cord

method of visualizing a living brain by injecting a dye into the blood and then passing x-rays through the head and recording them by detectors on the other side

large set of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

part of a set of nerves controlling sensory and motor information of the head, connecting to nuclei in the medulla, pons, midbrain, or forebrain

assignment in which an animal must respond on the basis of a signal that it remembers but that is no longer present

located toward the back, away from the ventral (stomach) side

set of sensory neuron somata on the dorsal side of the spinal cord

device that measures the brain's electrical activity through electrodes on the scalp

electrical activity of the brain in response to a stimulus, as recorded from the scalp

most anterior part of the brain, including the cerebral cortex and other structures

section of cerebral cortex extending from the central sulcus to the anterior limit of the brain, containing the primary motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex

modified version of MRI that measures energies released by hemoglobin molecules in an MRI scan and then determines the brain areas receiving the greatest supply of blood and oxygen

use of biochemical methods to direct a mutation to a particular gene that is important for certain types of cells, transmitters, or receptors

areas of the nervous system with a high density of cell bodies and dendrites, with few myelinated axons

most posterior part of the brain, including the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

large forebrain structure between the thalamus and cortex

forebrain structure near the base of the brain just ventral to the thalamus

swelling on each side of the tectum in the midbrain

condition in which monkeys with damaged temporal lobes fail to display normal fears and anxieties

layer of cell bodies parallel to the surface of the cortex and separated from other laminae by layers of fibers

damage to a structure

set of forebrain areas traditionally regarded as critical for emotion, which form a border around the brainstem, including the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus of the cerebral cortex, and several other smaller structures

method of imaging a living brain by using a magnetic field and a radio frequency field to make atoms with odd atomic weights all rotate in the same direction and then removing those fields and measuring the energy that the atoms release

device that measures the faint magnetic fields generated by the brain's activity

hindbrain structure located just above the spinal cord; the medulla could be regarded as an enlarged, elaborated extension of the spinal cord

membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

middle part of the brain, including superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, tectum, and tegmentum

anatomy of the nervous system

area on the dorsal surface of the forebrain; a major source of axons that release acetylcholine to widespread areas in the cerebral cortex

posterior (caudal) section of the cerebral cortex

system of nerves that facilitate vegetative, nonemergency responses by the body's organs

section of the cerebral cortex between the occipital lobe and the central sulcus

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

pseudoscience that claimed a relationship between skull anatomy and behavioral capacities

endocrine gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus

hindbrain structure, anterior and ventral to the medulla

method of mapping activity in a living brain by recording the emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals

gyrus of the cerebral cortex just posterior to the central gyrus; a primary projection site for touch and other body sensations

anterior portion of the frontal lobe of the cortex, which responds mostly to the sensory stimuli that signal the need for a movement

surgical disconnection of the prefrontal cortex from the rest of the brain

order of mammals that includes humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and others

group of neurons in the pons and medulla whose axons extend throughout much of the forebrain

network of neurons in the medulla and other parts of the brainstem; the descending portion controls motor areas of the spinal cord; the ascending portion selectively increases arousal and attention in various forebrain areas

control procedure for an experiment, in which an investigator inserts an electrode into a brain but does not pass a current

nerves that convey messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to muscles and glands

part of the CNS found within the spinal column; it communicates with the sense organs and muscles below the level of the head

device for the precise placement of electrodes in the head

midbrain area that gives rise to a dopamine-containing pathway

swelling on either side of the tectum, responsible for certain aspects of vision, including eye movements

network of nerves that prepare the body's organs for vigorous activity

roof of the midbrain

intermediate level of the midbrain

lateral portion of each hemisphere, near the temples

structure in the center of the forebrain

application of an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp to influence the neurons below the magnet

located toward the stomach, away from the back (dorsal) side

any of the four fluid-filled cavities in the brain

area of the nervous system consisting mostly of myelinated axons