Biology genetic engineering

the artificial manipulation/ alteration of genes

are living things whose DNA has been altered artifically

contain genes from another species

special kind of DNA that can affect foreign DNA and replicate itself and the foreign DNA

most common: bacterial plasmid

enzymes that cut DNA at specific places and act as gencetic scissors

an enzyme that is used to combine the foreign DNA with the plasmid DNA

acts as genetic glue or paste

• Isolation
• Cutting
• ligation
• Transformation
• Cloning
• Expression

removal of the chromosome containing target DNA from the human cell and the plasmid DNA from bacterium

plasmid cut at a single site

human DNA (chromosomes) will be cut in many directions

the joining of two sections of DNA to form a single strand

the uptake of DNA into a cell

bacteria is treated in same way in which they run take in plasmids

the production of identical curpres of bacterium (containing target DNA)

using nutrient medium

The formation of the product by the organism with the recombinant DNA

• normally takes place in bio-reactor
• once finished, separated from the culture and bacteria that produced it

sheep produce a protein to treat emphysema

bacteria make insulin

weed-killer-resistant crops