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Two germ layers that formed the Adrenal gland:
- Mesodermal portion- forms cortex
- Ectodermal portion – forms medulla
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Mesodermal origin will form the ______, and Ectodermal origin forms ______
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During the ______ week, _________ cells begin to proliferate and penetrate the underlying ______
- Fifth
- Mesothelial
- Mesenchyme
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Cells proliferation begins near the ____, which is a structure that also gives rise to ______ and _____
- Three sets of kidneys (pronephron. Mesonephro, metanephro)
- Gonads
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Primitive (Fetal) cortex of the adrenal gland is formed by _____
Mesothelial cells that differentiate into large acidophilic cells
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How is the definitive cortex formed?
Second wave of mesothelial cells penetrates the mesenchyme and surroudns the original acidiophilic cell mass (primitive cortex)
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When does DHEA secretion start?
Second trimester
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In the second trimester, DHEA is secreted from _____ cortex
fetal
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DHEA is converted by _______ to ______
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How is estradiol formed?
Placenta conversion of DHEA
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Wha hormone secreted by the fetal cortex is essential for maintaining pregnancy?
- DHEA
- Products secreted from the fetal adrenal cortex also influence maturation of lungs, liver, GI and regulating birth
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T/F: after birth, fetal cortex regresses and becomes a vestigial part of the outer kidney
False; after birth fetal cortex regresses and remaining cells differentiate into 3 layers of the adrenal cortex
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_____ cells invade the medial aspect of the developing organ to become the _______
- Neural crest cells
- Adrenal medulla
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Differentiated neural crest cells are called the ______ cells, and these represent specialized ______sympathetic neurons, which produce ______
- Chromaffin cells
- Post-ganglionic
- Norepinephrine, epinephrine
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T/F: like kidneys, adrenal glands also migrate from the pelvis then move superiorly
False; adrenal glands do not migrate, they develop in adult position and wait for kidneys to come meet them!
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