Aquatic Ento Exam 1

still (non-moving) freshwater

associated with bottom substrate (vs water column)

well-lit zone, open surface waters in lentic waters away from shore

zone near the shore area where sunlight reaches to the sediment and allows aquatic plant growth

environments with fresh, flowing water

1st order streams are origin point. Two 1sts join to make a second, two seconds make a third, etc.

1st to 3rd order of a lotic system

4th to 6th order lotic habitat

7th to 12th order

region beneath and along side of a stream bed

hyporheic zone (region beneath and long side of a stream bed), main channel, slackwaters, flood plains

A few in the water column, but more abundant in photic/littoral zone and benthos

• -Aphotic zone
• -Photic zone
• -Limnetic zone
• -Littoral zone

neuston

While all freshwater invert phyla have representatives in this zone, it is mainly Diptera, Coleoptera, and Ephemeroptera.

• -simple food webs
• -low species diversity 
• -high levels of endemism
• -food comes from outside source

animals that only live in groundwater (mostly beetles)

• -mainly home to semi-aquatic insects
• -mud flats, rock pools

• -make homes out of coral, shell, seaweed
• -can even lay eggs in coelum of starfish

Halobates water striders

brine flies: larvae are predacious and rely on atmospheric oxygen

Needed for cellular respiration; O2 is the last electron acceptor in mitochondrial reactions that release energy from digested food molecules

Spiracules allow air in, then it enters a trachea then tracheoles

• -increased temperature
• -increase in salinity
• -increase in altitude
• -increase in depth of water
• -low wind conditions

• -molecular weight of gas
• -permeability of medium
• -concentration gradient 
• -distance

• -Across membranes and cuticular surfaces
• -between tracheoles and tissue cells
• -along tracheal tubes
• -between water and the insect body

segmentally arranged lateral pores

• -cuticular ingrowths that branch internally from spiracles
• -tracheoles branch off

• -insects that breathe air
• -spiracles must contact air

• -pools/runs in sandy streams
• -1 genus local
• -enlarged notum

• soft silt/sand rivers/lakes
• mandibular "tusks"
• fringed gills (1-7) held over abdomen

• slow streams
• gills on 2 operculate
• operculate gills protect functional gills 
• can tolerate salt

• flowing waters
• collector/gatherer 
• No gills on 2
• gills not forked or fringed

• gills on 1 slender
• gills on 2-7 FORKED not fringed
• some with tusks

• small swimmers
• lakes, ponds, slow streams
• labrum with notch

• monotypic
• swimmer like Baetidae
• short antennae
• Pectinate spins on maxillae

• monotypic (Isonychia)
• live in swift currents
• collectors/filterers 
• medium sized swimmers

• swimmers
• maxillae without pectinate spines
• gills OVATE

• live in flowing water, on rocks etc. (very common)
• scrapers
• gills 1-7