TERMITES approx 2700 total species, but approx number of species considered to be pests in US is #
20
TERMITES develop via _ metamorphosis
gradual
TERMITES develop via gradual metamorphosis, so there are no true _ or _ stages
larval or pupal
TERMITES the newly hatched _ look much like miniature versions of the adult workers.
immatures
TERMITES experts often use the term _ to refer to their earliest instar stages.
larva
TERMITES larvae lack any _ (the darkening and hardening of the exoskeleton)
sclerotization
TERMITES larvae lack any sclerotization (the darkening and hardening of the exoskeleton), even of their _ , so they must be fed by others in the colony.
mouthparts
TERMITES larvae lack any sclerotization (the darkening and hardening of the exoskeleton), even of their mouthparts, so they must be _ by others in the colony.
fed
TERMITES ants have # different castes (workers and reproductives)
2
TERMITES ants have 2 different castes (_ and _)
workers and reproductives
TERMITES have 3 castes: _ _ and _
workers
soldiers
reproductives
TERMITES _ are by far the most common individuals in the colony.
workers
TERMITES complex carb found in plant cell walls, which is not easily digestible by insects or by many other animals.
cellulose
TERMITES _ help break down cellulose into sugars that the termites can digest
symbionts
TERMITES harbor special microorganisms in their digestive tracts - _ _ and _
symbiotic bacteria and protozoa
TERMITES harbor special microorganisms in their digestive tracts - symbiotic bacteria and _
protozoa
TERMITES harbor special microorganisms in their digestive tracts - _ _ and protozoa
symbiotic bacteria
TERMITES exchange of nutrition via regurgitation or anal secretions is called _
trophallaxis
TERMITES trophallaxis enables termites to share food not only with other workers, but also with other individuals that depend on them - the _ , _ , _ , and _
larvae
nymphs
soldiers
reproductives
TERMITES _ refers to adult winged reproductives that are capable of becoming primary kings or queens
alates
TERMITES responsible for founding most new termite colonies
alates
TERMITES when alates emerge from the nest at the appropriate time of year, they are also called _
swarmers
TERMITES _ _ are of interest to both PMPs and customers because they act as a warning that termites are active and present.
swarming flights
TERMITES refers to individuals that develop functional reproductive systems while retaining characteristics of juveniles.
neotenic
TERMITES wingless neotenic reproductives
apterous
TERMITES are readily distinguished from ants by their _ _ , lack of a constricted waist, and their wings of equal length.
straight antennae
TERMITES are readily distinguished from ants by their straight antennae, lack of a _ _ , and their wings of equal length.
constricted waist
TERMITES are readily distinguished from ants by their straight antennae, lack of a constricted waist, and their wings of _ _.
equal length
TERMITES have a _ on the terminal segment of the abdomen
cerci
TERMITES have a cerci on the terminal segment of the _
abdomen
TERMITES have _ _ , which look like a series of beads strung together
moniliform antennae
TERMITES have moniliform antennae, which look like a _ _ _ strung together
series of beads
TERMITE _ are usually light colored, but their heads are darker and bigger than the heads of _
soldiers
workers
TERMITE _ are sterile and lack wings, and most of them lack eyes as well
soldiers
TERMITES soliders of some species that are known as nasutiform termites use _ _ from a special gland on the head to repel or entangle prey
chemical secretions
TERMITES soliders of some species that are known as nasutiform termites use chemical secretions from a special gland on the _ to repel or entangle prey
head
TERMITES most soldiers fight off enemies with a pair of large _
mandibles / jaws
TERMITES unlike other termite soldiers, nasute termites have prolonged _ instead of mandibles
beaks
TERMITES soldiers' _ can sometimes be useful for identifying species
mandibles
TERMITES _ termite soldiers have smooth mandibles
subterranean
TERMITES most dampwood and drywood soldiers in North America have _ mandibles
jagged
TERMITES plate like structure on the thorax, behind the head.
pronotum
TERMITES the pronotum of subterranean termite soldiers is _ than the head
narrower
TERMITES the pronotum of most drywood and dampwood termite soldiers is _ than the head
as wide or wider
TERMITES some soldier termites bear a _ , a small opening on the top of the head that secretes defensive fluids.
fontanelle
TERMITES Formosan subterranean termite has a pronounced _ on the front part of its head, with pairs of hairs on each side.
fontanelle
Coptotermes formosanus
Formosan subterranean
TERMITES _ can be used to identify the swarmers
wings
TERMITES in North America, there are # main types of termites.
3
TERMITES subterranean termites family : Rhinotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, Termopsidae
Rhinotermitidae
TERMITES drywood termites family : Rhinotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, Termopsidae
Kalotermitidae
TERMITES dampwood termites family : Rhinotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, Termopsidae
Rhinotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, Termopsidae
TERMITES subterranean termites require a good deal of _ to survive
moisture
TERMITES subterranean termites remain below ground most of the time, so they can be difficult to _
detect
Tell tale sign of subterranean termites is the presence of _ _
mud tubes
TERMITES used to connect their colonies with wood and other food sources
mud tubes
TERMITES _ _ protect the colony by keeping intruders out and by keeping moisture in
mud tubes
TERMITES mud tubes can be frequently seen on _ _ and _
concrete walls and floors
TERMITES during swarming season, alates may be seen emerging from "_ _" , elaborate forms of mud tubes constructed by the workers
swarm castles
SUBTERRANEAN Native to Asia, but now found in US - SoCal, Texas to North Carolina.
DRYWOOD A less commonly encountered termite found in Florida, along the Gulf of Mexicao to southern Mississippi, and along the Atlantic coast to Virginia.