Bacterial Meningitis Microbiology

T/F: Bacterial meningitis usually involves more than one species of bacteria
True False

Bacterial meningitis may be preceded by ______ infection or _____ infection

Newborn most susceptible to which bacterial meningitis?

Someone who has recent URI or ear infection now with bacterial meningitis, what’s the most likely pathogen?

Someone who lives in crowded living environment like in a college dorm now with bacterial meningitis, what’s the most likely pathogen?

Lack of routine vaccinations and your sorry ass now has bacterial meningitis, what could be the cause?

What is the meningitis Triad?

Pt with stiff neck and a rash, think:

Kernig’s sign is _____, Brudzinski’s sign is _____. Both are signs of meningeal irritation

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is _____ hemorrhage, which is a clue for _____ caused bacterial meningitis

Neisseria meningitidis meninigitis manifestation:

S pneumo meningitis manifestation:

In bacterial meningitis, CSF will have high level of ______, primarily of (cell type) _____; ____ levels of glucose and _____ levels of protein

In viral meningitis, it is associated with predominance of _____ (cell type) in the CSF in later stage, ____ level of glucose, ____ level of protein and the CSF appears _____

CSF pressure in viral vs bacterial meningitis:

Empiric treatment for acute bacterial meningitis in the ER include:

Children (6 months to 6 years) are at risk for which pathogen causing both bacterial and viral meningitis:

Individuals (6-60 years) typical meningitis pathogens:

Elderly (60+) typical caue of meningitis:

T/F: Listeria can cause meningitis in newborns and elderly (age 60+)
True False

Which CNS infection is inflammation of the parenchyma of brain/ cerebral cortex?

Rank severity of: viral meningitis, bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis from least to most severe

T/F: for the pathogens, CNS infections are usually “dead-ends” in terms of transmission, except of HSV, VZV and rabies (non-human infections)
True False

_____ is infection of the spinal cord, usually by virus

What type of capsule is found in strep pneumo?

Strep pneumo is optochin ____, and ____ hemolytic

What is the number 1 cause of pneumonia and meningitis in the US?

Pneumococcal meningitis has ____ (low/high) case fatality and ____ (high/low) incidence of long-term sequelae

What virulence factor does S pneumo have to destroy tissue?

T/F: S pneumo has IgA protease in order to destroy host tissue
True False

Which virulence factor of S pneumo helps it evade our complement system?

Gram positive bugs have peptidoglycan cell wall and its cell membrane has ______

What toxin punches holes in cholesterol-containing membraens

T/F: sometimes giving abx can make meningitis worse because this angers the bacteria causing them to release more products to cause more inflammation
True False

How to detect pneumococcal capsule in CSF?

Healthy kids and older adults, give _____ pneumovax, while high-risk patients, give ___

Polysaccharide S pneumo vaccine (23-valent) is T-cell _____(dependent/ independent), so there ____ (is/ is not) memory B cells formed

Conjugate vaccine for S pneumo is the 13-valent, is T- cell _____ (dependent/independent), so there ____ memory B cell

What is the number 1 cause of meningitis in neonate?

Early onset GBS meningitis occurs in infants who are ______ old, late onset is _____ old

Late onset of GBS meningitis is usually of ____ source

Early onset of GBS meningitis is usually due to ______ source

T/F: S pneumo is part of Group A and S. agalactiae is part of Group B.
True False

GBS is ___ hemolytic, Bacitracin ______. Vs GAS is ____ hemolytic, Bacitracin ____

Hippurate positive, think:

Which bug steals our factor H protein?

T/F: S agalactiae has a capsule that evades our complement C3b, much like the capsule in S pneumo, N meningitidis
True False

In late stages of _______ meningitis, there is presence of non-blanching petechial/ purpuric rash

Gram negative cocci meningitis: _______, gram negative rod meningitis _____

N meningitidis at risk age groups:

N meningitidis at risk groups (non-age related):

What defines the “meningitis belt”?

T/F: N menigitidis is transmitted via large droplet oral secretions or respiratory droplets, and if one person gets it it becomes an outbreak
True False

T/F: N meningitidis is facultative intracellular, oxidase positive and catalase positive. Grow on chocolate and blood agar
True False

T/F: all gram negatives have LPS (or LOS)
True False

Which serogroup of N meningitidis are found in the US?

Virulence factors of meningococcus:

Which N meningitidis capsule is weakly immunogenic, is there a vaccination for this one?

T/F: Listeria monocytogenes is self-limited in gastroenteritis in healthy adults
True False

Which bacterial meningitis bug enters in our body through the food we eat, such as cheeses, deli meat?

Which bug causing meningitis has tumbling motility at room temperature:

Listeria is Gram ____, ___ (shape); does it form spores/ have capsule?

Which bacterial meningitis pathogen does not have a capsule?

Which bug has a K1 capsule?

Bugs that are facultative intracellular:

Listeria virulence factor that allows it to bind to host cell:

Which bugs have ‘hole puncher’?

T/F: listerolysin O is a toxin produced by listeria that allows the bug to escape from endosome once inside the host cell
True False

Which virulence factor of Listeria allows it to make a “Tail”?

E coli is transmitted through ____ route

E coli is an Enterobacteriaceae, which is gram ____, _____ (shape), oxidase _____, ____ fermenter

Second cause of most meningitis in neonate:

T/F: intracellular NMEC can travel through BBB via macrophage trojan horse
True False

T/F: like in GBS, intrapartum antibiotics are shown to be effect at time of labor and birth to prevent NMEC transmission to newborn
True False