-
a thrill is an?
palpable vibration can be felt in the case of stenosis
-
palpable pulse sites pulses play an important role in the diagnosis of arterial disease. presence or absence of a pulse have indication of disease the strength of the pulse?
aorta, radial, brachial, axillary, carotid, femoral, popliteal, PTA, DPA
-
the peroneal artery CANNOT be
palpated
-
bruits are classical sign of a _______
classical sign of stenosis, if continues throughout diastole then the stenosis is likely severe. if a stenosis is above 90% a bruit is not always heard
-
what is claudication?
cramping or a fatigue weak feeling in the muscle of the extremity
-
what is intermitted claudication?
claudication while exercising
-
the acceleration time of less than ______ indicates?
0.144m/s is normal in the CFA. a measure of time of the peak systolic
-
the normal waveform in the extremities is?
high resistance triphasic
-
peripheral resistance is controlled by the?
arterioles
-
stress, temperature, medication, exercise, smoking can all _____ a waveform
change the waveform
-
pressure testing is never performed on a _____, ______ ,_____
stent, graft, bypass
-
when a pressure is taken the resulting waveform is a manifestation of the condition of the vessel above
the site being test
-
CW pen doppler should be held at a
45-60 degree angle
-
cuffs that are too wide will show a
falsely lower pressure
-
cuffs that are too small will show a
falsely elevated pressure
-
brachial pressure should not differ by more than
20-30mmHg
-
the general rule is the ankle pressure should be
higher to the same as the brachial pressure. not too high.
-
incompressible when occlusion is not accomplished with the pressure of
255-300
-
pressure reading is taken or the waveforms are gathered from below the
area where the pressure was taken
-
ABI=
ankle / highest brachial
-
pressure measurements are performed with the patient in a
supine and relaxed position
-
-
-
mild to probable ABI range
0.6-0.9
-
-
rest pain and severe disease ABI range
less than <0.5
-
-
TBI claudication
>0.2 - 0.75
-
toe pressure of __________ or less may indicate a poor chance of healing ulcers
30mmHg
-
non-diabetic ankle pressure
greater than >60 mmHg ischemic rest pain is not likely, less than <35mmHg rest pain is probable
-
diabetic ankle pressure
>80mmHg ischemic rest pain is not likely , <40 mmHg rest pain is probable
-
in the normal situation when exercising occur the volume of blood should ___________ and resistance _______ so that the pressure ________
increase, decrease, stay the same
-
flow that is lower and returns to pre status with 2-6 minutes are thought to have
single level disease
-
in the STENOTIC extremity, the volume stays the same or decreases and the resistance ________ so that the pressure ______
decrease, decrease
-
with exercise, the ankle pressure should be
the same as before or maybe a slight bit higher.
-
with post-exercise the flow that is higher than pre-exercise flow should
higher than pre-exercise flow should return to normal in less than 3 minutes
-
flow that is inaudible or less than 60mmHg of pressure or longer than _____ minutes is thought to be indicative of multilevel disease
10 minutes is thought to indicate multilevel disease
-
a patient should not be placed on a treadmill with a history of
cardiac problems, stroke or shortness of breath
-
exercise will cause an increase in diastolic flow due to
diastolic flow due to the increased need of oxygen to the working muscles
-
hyperemia testing cuffs are inflated above brachial pressure for __-___ minutes
3-5 minutes
-
a 50% decline is a
single level disease
-
75% and greater decline is a
multilevel disease
-
leg cuffs should exceed the diameter of the limb by ____%
20%
-
cuff should be inflated ____-____mmHg above the brachial pressure
20-30 mmHg
-
a stenosis criteria velocities over
400
-
highest velocities will be located at _______ of the stenosis
middle of the stenosis/ within the stenosis
-
2:1 ratio> is indicative of a _____% diameter reduction
50% reduction
-
4:1 ratio> is indicative of an ____% diameter reduction
75% reduction
-
segmental pressures can not differentiate between a
____or_____
stenosis or occlusion
-
a 3 cuff method can not differentiate between ____or ____ disease
aorta or iliac inflow and SFA disease
-
in a three cuff method the thigh pressure should be _____ as the brachial
same as the brachial
-
3 cuff sizes are ___, ____ and ____
18cm 12cm 10cm
-
4 cuff method can not differentiate between ____ or ____ disease
inflow and femoral artery disease
-
4 cuff high thigh pressure is around ___ to ___ mmHg above the brachial
20-30 mmHg above the brachial
-
4 cuff method cuff sizes are ____, _____, ____, _____
12cm 12 cm 12 cm 10 cm
-
4 cuff method the pressure should not drop from any level to the next or be different from horizontal levels more than ___mmHg
20mmHg
-
PVR waveforms can not differentiate between ____and ____
stenosis and occlusion
-
normal PVR waveform should have a
dicrotic notch. with the loss of the notch disease is indicated. the rounder the peak and the slower the upstroke the more disease is present
-
normal doppler waveforms of any type should have a
_____, ______, _______, ______
rapid upstroke, rapid downstroke, dicrotic notch, and sharp peak
-
PPG uses _____ emitted in the subcutaneous tissue
infrared light emitted in the subcutaneous tissues. the reflected light is proportional to the amount the tissue is begin perfused
-
resistance is determined by
the bed it is feeding or the conditions occurring
-
dependent pallor is an
ELEVATION of an extremity with a damage vascular system there will a draining of the blood and the extremity will become pale. lack of hydrostatic pressure to help the push of the blood into the damage system
-
dependent rubor is when?
when the extremity is LOWER than the heart, the color becomes dusky red or white in the case of darkly pigmented skin
|
|
