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The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.
Astronomy
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An imaginary line that passes through the Earth's center and the North and South poles, about which Earth rotates.
Axis
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The spinning motion of a planet on its axis.
It takes 24 hours to complete one rotation.
Rotation
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The movement of an object around another object. (Earth revolves around the sun).
This takes 365 and 1/4 days.
Every 4 years we have a leap year to make up for the 1/4 day making 366 days in a leap year.
Revolution
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The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space.
Orbit
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The two days of the year on which the sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator.
solistice
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The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.
equinox
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The attractive force between objects; its strength depends on their masses and the distance between them.
gravity
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The amount of matter in an object.
mass
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The force of gravity on an object.
weight
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The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion unless an outside force starts of stops the object.
inertia
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Dark, flat areas on the moon's surface formed from huge ancient lava flows.
maria
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A large round put caused by the impact of a meteoroid.
crater
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A chunk of rock or dust in space.
meteoroid
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The darkest part of a shadow.
umbra
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The part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part.
penumbra
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The tide with the least difference between consecutive low and high tides.
Minimum tide height
Sun-Earth-and moon form a 90 degree angle for minimum pull.
neap tide
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A tide with the greatest difference between consecutive between low and high tides.
This causes a maximum tide height.
The sun-Earth-and moon form a straight line for maximum pull.
spring tide
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The earth moves through space in two ways. Name them.
- Rotation -spinning on its axis
- Revolution-the movement of the Earth in its orbit around the sun.
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What causes seasons?
- Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun.
- This affects how much direct sunlight the earth gets.
- The more direct the sunlight, the more intense the heat from the sun.
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June solstice
The north end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the sun and it is summer in the northern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere.
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March and September Equinox
Neither end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the sun. Both hemispheres receive the same amount of energy.
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December Solstice
The south end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the sun. It is summer in the Southern Hemisphere and winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
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The strength of the force of gravity between two objects depends on what two factors?
The mass of the objects and the distance between them.
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Newton concluded what to factors keep Earth in orbit around the sun and the moon in orbit around the Earth?
inertia and gravity
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What causes the phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides?
The relative positions of the moon, Earth, and sun.
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The phase of the moon depends on this.
How much of the sunlit side of the moon faces the Earth.
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When does an eclipse occur?
When the moon's shadow hits Earth, or Earth's shadow hist the moon.
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Know the phases of the moon.
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What is a solar eclipse?
- When the moon passes directly between Earth and the sun, blocking sunlight from Earth.
- So a solar eclipse occurs when a new moon blocks your view of the sun.
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What is a lunar eclipse?
- When Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon.
- This occurs only when there is a full moon because the moon is closest to Earth's shadow at that time.
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How does high tide and low tide work?
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