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DESCRIBE the characteristics of the troposphere
- The troposphere is the area from the surface to about 36,000 feet.
- Less dense with increasing altitude.
- Temperature decreases with increasing altitude.
- Large amounts of condensation nuclei
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DESCRIBE the characteristics of the tropopause
- Transition zone between troposphere and stratosphere.
- Strongest winds (Jet Stream) occur just below tropopause.
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DESCRIBE the characteristics of the stratosphere
- Characterized by increasing temperature with increasing altitude
- generally smooth air with excellent visibility
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DESCRIBE the flight conditions associated with the troposphere
- Light winds near earth's surface. Increase in intensity with ALT.
- Normal variation in flight conditions.
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DESCRIBE the flight conditions associated with the tropopause
- Anvil tops of thunderstorms
- Haze Layer
- Wind Shear
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DESCRIBE the flight conditions associated with the stratosphere
Generally smooth with excellent visibility
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DEFINE a lapse rate
Decrease in Temperature with increasing Altitude
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STATE the average lapse rate in degrees Celsius
Standard Lapse Rate is 2° C per 1000 ft
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DEFINE atmospheric pressure
The pressure exerted on the surface of the earth by the weight of the column of air directly above that spot
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STATE the standard units of pressure measurement
29.92 in-Hg and 1013.2 mb
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DEFINE the standard atmosphere
- Related to Standard Day Conditions at sea level
- 29.92 in-Hg and 1013.2 mb
- 1 in-Hg/ 1000 ft and 34 mb/ 1000 ft
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DIFFERENTIATE between sea level pressure and station pressure
- Station pressure is the atmospheric pressure measured at an airfield or station
- Sea level pressure is the pressure that would be measured from the existing weather if the station were at MSL
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DEFINE the types of altitudes
- Indicated: What is read off of the altimeter in the cockpit
- Calibrated: Indicated corrected for instrument error
- True: actual height above sea level (MSL)
- Calibrated: corrected for nonstandard temperature
- Absolute: AGL, Height above the surface
- Pressure: Height above the standard datum plane, where the pressure is equal to 29.92 in-Hg
- Density: PA corrected for nonstandard temperature and humidity. Density decreases, DA increases. Indicator of aircraft performance, not elevation
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DEFINE indicated altitude
The Altitude read directly from the altimeter
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DESCRIBE the effects of pressure changes on aircraft altimeters
- High to Low -> "Look Out Below"; Indicated higher than actual, you are at a lower ALT
- Low to High -> "Plenty of Sky "; Indicated lower than actual, you are at a higher ALT
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DESCRIBE the effects of temperature deviations from the standard lapse rate on aircraft
altimeters
- High T to Low T -> "Look Out Below"; MSL lower than indicated
- Low T to High T -> "Plenty of Sky "; MSL higher than indicated
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