Chem Ch 3.txt

List all elements with increasing atomic #

similar chemical/physical reactions & properties

shorthand way to describe the energy of electrons in atoms

main levels; sub levels; orientations

numbered 1,2,3,4...

lettered s, p, d, f...

• 1 orientation (sphere)
• holds 2e

• 3 orientations (propeller)
• holds 6e

• 5 orientations
• holds 10e

7 orientations

the way electrons set off a magnetic charge and diff values of energy

lists energies of electrons as increasing lowest to highest

• 4s2 is written before 3d
• ex: Fe= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6

• more stable with filled s & p levels; don't react to other chemicals
• can be used to write electronic configuration

electrons in the outermost (highest #) main level in s & p sublevels only (not used on VIIIA)

elements in the s & p blocks

elements in the d block

(or families) the vertical columns

the horizontal rows

group I A (excluding H)

Group II A

Group VII A

Group VIII A

down a group it increases; across a period it decreases

energy needed to remove electrons from an atom

remove the last electron added to the atom

up a group it increases; across a period it increases

metal loses e's when they react; nonmetals gain e's when they react

up a group it decreases; across a period it decreases