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Periodic Law
List all elements with increasing atomic #
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Vertical Columns
similar chemical/physical reactions & properties
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electronic structure
shorthand way to describe the energy of electrons in atoms
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Parameters of Energy Descriptive tools
main levels; sub levels; orientations
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main levels
numbered 1,2,3,4...
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sub levels
lettered s, p, d, f...
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s sublevel
- 1 orientation (sphere)
- holds 2e
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p sublevel
- 3 orientations (propeller)
- holds 6e
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f sublevel
7 orientations
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spin
the way electrons set off a magnetic charge and diff values of energy
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electronic configuration
lists energies of electrons as increasing lowest to highest
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electronic configuration exception
- 4s2 is written before 3d
- ex: Fe= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
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Row VIII A
- more stable with filled s & p levels; don't react to other chemicals
- can be used to write electronic configuration
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valence electrons
electrons in the outermost (highest #) main level in s & p sublevels only (not used on VIIIA)
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representative elements
elements in the s & p blocks
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transition elements
elements in the d block
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groups
(or families) the vertical columns
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periods
the horizontal rows
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alkali metals
group I A (excluding H)
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alkaline Earth metals
Group II A
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Noble (or Rare) Gases
Group VIII A
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Size of Atoms on Periodic Chart
down a group it increases; across a period it decreases
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ionization energy
energy needed to remove electrons from an atom
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1st ionization energy (IE)
remove the last electron added to the atom
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1st I.E. on periodic chart
up a group it increases; across a period it increases
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chemical properties of metal vs nonmetal
metal loses e's when they react; nonmetals gain e's when they react
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metallic character on periodic chart
up a group it decreases; across a period it decreases
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