Biology 1610

study of genomes

Thestructural, functional and biological unit of all organisms.

• The cell’s outer membrane made up
• of a two layers of phospholipids with
• embedded proteins

• A double-stranded nucleic acid that
• contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function.

a specialized part of a cell having some specificfunction; a cell organ

cell lacking a true membrane-bound nucleus

a cell with a true nucleus; a cell with a nuclearmembrane and organelles

The large, membrane-bounded organelle that contains the genetic material, in the form of multiple linear DNA molecules organized into structures called chromosomes

• the sum of the physical and chemicalprocesses in an organism by
• which its material substance isproduced, maintained, and destroyed,
• and by which energy ismade available

a state of psychological equilibrium obtainedwhen tension or a drive has been reduced or eliminated.

• hiplike appendages
• extend from the surface of many
• types of eukaryotic cell move
• liquid past the surface of the cell

reproduction, as budding, fission, or spore formation, not involvingthe union of gametes

reproduction involving the union of gametes

a form or structure modified to fit a changed environment

a procedure or theory that reduces complex data or phenomena to simple terms

a novel property that unpredictably comes from a combination of two simpler constituents

the smallest particle of an element

The smallest particle into which an element or a compound can bedivided without changing its chemical and physical properties

A large mass of similar cells that make up a part of an organism andperform a specific function.

A differentiated part of the body that contains cells and tissues a d performs a specific function

a form of life composed of mutually interdependent parts that maintain various vital processes

the organisms inhabiting a specific location

A group of organisms or populations living and interacting with one another in a particular environment

An ecological community together with its environment, functioning as a unit.

All the Earth's ecosystems considered as a single, self-sustaining unit.

The study of the relationship between organisms and their environments

A segment of DNA, occupying a specific place on a chromosome,that is the basic unit of heredity

• Any of a group of complex organic macromolecules that contain carbon,
• hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur and are composed of chains of alpha-amino acids. cell

part of a complex system of communication thatgoverns basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions

• A substance, usually a peptide or steroid, produced by one tissue and conveyed by the
• bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity, such as growth or metabolism.

a chemical by which a nerve cell communicates with another nerve cell or with a muscle

of or relating to the taxonomicclassification of organisms

the science dealing with the description,identification, naming, and classification of organisms

A group of organisms having many characteristics in common and ranking below a genus

the usual major subdivision of a family or subfamily in the classification of organisms, usually consisting of more than one species.

a biological species name consisting of two terms

second word of a species Name (eg. Sapien from the species Homo Sapien)

A group of organisms ranking above a genus and below an order. End in -ae

A group of organisms ranking above a family and below a class

a group, set, or kind marked by common attributes or a common attribute

the primary subdivision of a taxonomic kingdom,grouping together all classes of organisms that have thesame body plan

The highest classification into which living organisms are grouped inLinnean taxonomy, ranking above a phylum.

Complete set of Genes in an organism

• A division of organisms that ranks above a kingdom insystems of classification that are based on shared similaritiesin DNA
• sequences rather than shared structural similarities. In these systems, there are three domains: the archaea, the bacteria, and the eukaryotes

A taxonomic category or group, such as a phylum, order, family,genus, or species.

spherical or rod shaped bacteria of the order Eubacteriales,characterized by simple, undifferentiated cells with rigid walls; truebacteria.

• Any of a group of microorganisms that resemble bacteria but are different from them in certain aspects
• of their chemical structure,such as the composition of their cell walls.

a group of microorganisms now regardedas members of the Archaea

taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct animals

Any of a wide variety of organisms that reproduce by spores,including the mushrooms, molds, yeasts, and mildews.

the taxonomic kingdom comprising all plants.

a taxonomic kingdom comprising the protists

The process by which species of organisms arise from earlierlife forms and undergo change over time through natural selection

The process by which organisms that are better suited to their environment than others produce more offspring.

The act or process of being altered or changed

The collective genetic information contained within a population of sexually reproducing organisms

The series of metabolic processes by which living cells produce energy through the oxidation of organic substances

An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for otherorganisms in a food chain

An organism that manufactures its own food from inorganicsubstances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia.

The process in green plants and certain other organisms by whichcarbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water usinglight as an energy source.

A heterotrophic organism that feeds on other organisms in a foodchain.

An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent upon complex organic substances for nutrition.

an organism, usually a bacterium or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances.

reasoning from detailed facts to general principles

A group of subjects that are exposed to the variable of a control experiment.

any group used as a control in a statistical experiment

A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group offacts or phenomena