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Calvarium (skull cap) is made up of which 4 bones?
The floor of the skull is made up of which 4 bones?
Calvarium - Frontal, Occipital, Parietals (2)
Floor - Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Temporals (2)
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Calvarium bones are classified as ____, whereas floor bones are classified as ____
Flat, Irregular
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These 4 bones make up the _____?
Calvarium
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These 4 bones make up the ____?
Floor
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What’s 1?
Supraorbital Margin (SOM) - superior rim of each orbit
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What’s 2?
Superciliary ridge (eyebrows)
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What’s 3?
Glabella – raised area between eyebrows just above bridge of nose
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What’s 4?
Frontal Tuberosity - large, round forehead prominences
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What’s 5?
Supraorbital groove - depression above each eyebrow
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What’s 6?
Supraorbital notch (foramen)
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What part of which bone is this whole diagram?
Orbital Portion of Frontal Bone
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Occipital Bone
_________ – rounded portion that forms most of the back of the head
- ____ (external occipital protuberance) – prominent bump on inferoposterior surface
_________ – passageway for spinal cord
_________ – oval, convex surfaces
- ______ – articulate with superior articular process (facets) of C1 to form atlantooccipital joint
- Squamous portion, Inion
- Foramen magnum
- Condylar portions, Occipital condyles
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This diagram is of what bone?
Occipital bone
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Temporal Bone
3 main parts:
______ - (vertical portion) – thin upper part (vulnerable part of skull for fracture)
______ - behind ear
______ - thickest & densest part of the head that houses organs of hearing & equilibrium (balance)
- Squamous
- Mastoid portion
- Petrous portion
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Which bone is in this diagram?
Temporal
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What part of which bone?
Petrous portion of Temporal Bone
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Sphenoid Bone
2 main parts:
_____ - lateral portions, contains 2 pairs (greater and lesser)
_____ - Central portion, contains Sphenoid sinuses
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What’s the only bone that articulates with the 7 other cranial bones?
Sphenoid
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What part of which bone?
Body of Sphenoid
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Which part of which bone is shown in this diagram?
Wings of Sphenoid
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What’s 1?
Superior orbital fissure
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What’s 2?
Lesser wing
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What’s 3?
Greater wing
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What’s 4?
Optic foramen
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What’s 5?
Optic canal
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What’s 6?
Chiasmatic (optic) groove
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What’s 7?
Medial pterygoid process
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What’s 8?
Pterygoid hamulus
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What’s 9?
Lateral pterygoid process
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Ethmoid Bone
Anterior part of floor that extends inferiorly
________ – upper horizontal part that contains foramina for branches of olfactory nerves
- _____ – conical process
________ – below floor of cranium; helps to form part of nasal septum
________ – form medial walls of orbits & lateral walls of nasal cavity; contain _____
- Superior & middle nasal conchae (turbinates) – scroll shaped projections of bone
- - Cribiform plate, Crista galli
- - Perpendicular plate
- - Lateral labrynths, ethmoid sinuses
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- 1. Right asterion
- 2. Lambdoidal suture
- 3. Squamousal suture
- 4. Right parietal bone
- 5. Coronal suture
- 6. Bregma
- 7. Right pterion
- 8. Right sphenoid bone
- 9. Right temporal bone
- 10. Sagittal suture
- 11. Bregma
- 12. Frontal bone
- 13. Right sphenoid bone
- 14. Right pterion
- 15. Squamosal suture
- 16. Coronal suture
- 17. Sagittarius suture
- 18. Right parietal bone
- 19. Lambda
- 20. Right asterion
- 21. Left asterion
- 22. Occipital bone
- 23. Lambdoidal suture
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- 1. Supraorbital margin
- 2. Crista galli
- 3. Sagittal suture
- 4. Frontal bone
- 5. Lambdoidal suture
- 6. Petrous ridge
- 7. Superior orbital fissure
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- 1. Dorsum sellae of sphenoid
- 2. Parietal bone
- 3. Occipital bone
- 4. Foramen Magnum
- 5. Petrous ridge
- 6. Posterior clinoid process
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What’s 1,2, & 3?
- 1. Vertex
- 2. Coronal Suture
- 3. Frontal bone
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What’s 4, 5, & 6?
- 4. Orbital plates
- 5. Cribiform plate
- 6. Sella turcica
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What’s 7, 8, & 9?
- 7. Body of sphenoid
- 8. EAM
- 9. Mastoids
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What’s 10, 11, & 12?
- 10. Occipital bone
- 11. Lambdoidal suture
- 12. Clivus
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What’s 13, 14, & 15?
- 13. Dorsum sellae
- 14. Posterior clinoid
- 15. Anterior clinoid
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- 1. Supraorbital groove (SOG)
- 2. Supraciliary ridge (arch)
- 3. Mental point
- 4. Angle (gonion)
- 5. Acanthion
- 6. Interpupilary line (IPL)
- 7. Nasion
- 8. Glabella
- 9. Midsagittal plane (MSP)
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- 1. Glabella
- 2. Nasion
- 3. Acanthion
- 4. Mental point
- 5. Angle (gonion)
- 6. Tragus
- 7. Auricle (pinna)
- 8. Top of ear attachment (TEA)
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Positioning Lines
- 1. GML - Glabella to EAM
- 2. OML - outer canthus to EAM
- 3. IOML - infraorbital margin to EAM
- 4. AML - acanthion to EAM
- 5. LML - junction of lips to EAM
- 6. MML - mental point to EAM
- 7. GAL - Glabella to alveolar process of Maxilla
- 8. EAM - External acoustic meatus
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The 4 routine Skull positions are?
- PA Skull
- PA Axial (Caldwell method)
- AP Axial (Towne method)
- Lateral Skull
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PA Axial Skull (Caldwell method)
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PA Axial Skull (Caldwell method)
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AP Axial Skull (Towne Method)
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AP Axial Skull (Towne method)
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Lateral Skull - Horizonral beam
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Are both correct, or is either one tilted, rotated, or both?
- Left is correct
- Right is rotated
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Are both correct, or is either one tilted, rotated, or both?
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Are both correct, or is either one tilted, rotated or both?
- Left - Correct
- Right - Rotated & Tilted
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Pathological Conditions
Fracture (linear)
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Pathological Conditions 
Fracture (depressed)
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Pathological Conditions
Multiple myeloma (“Swiss cheese pattern”)
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Pathological Conditions
Paget disease (“cotton ball” appearance)
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