chapter 8 basic principles and knobology

a substance used to permit the transmission of sound into the human body; also referred to as the coupling gel or ultrasound gel

control that relates to the amount of energy the transducer is emitting into the patient

ultrasound display in which the depth of the returning echo was represented on the x-axis, while the strength (amplitude) of the reflector was represented along the y-axis

letters of the keyboard that allow for the labeling of images; similar to the display on a computer keyboard

colorizes the grayscale of the image

the tool used for labeling different anatomic structures or for identifying where the transducer is placed on a body part

ultrasound display in which a dot with varying degrees of brightness is used on the screen; the stronger the returning echo, the brighter the dot, also referred to as grayscale sonography

the transmit zone indicator

a collection of image frames stored temporarily in the system's memory before the image is frozen

doppler shift information presented as a color or hue

a doppler device that utilizes two elements-one element that continuously sends ultrasound waves into the body and another element to continuously listen for the returning signal

plane that divides the body or body part into anterior and posterior

varies the deepness of the echoes that are displayed on the monitor; also referred to as depth range

relates to the effect of differing frequencies with motion

allows the display to be split into two separate images

used to measure structures

allows for the measurement of round structures

allows for all display data to be started and stopped

allows for the magnification of the image with an adjustment made for resolution; may also be referred to as RES or write zoom

allows for images to be stored within the hard drive of the machine

the study of knobs and how they function

plane that divides the body or body parts into right and left portions

the imaginary line that separates the body into equal right and left portions; may also be referred to as the midsagittal plane of the body

plane that divides the body into equal right and left portions; may also be referred to as the midline

demonstrates the motion of structures along a single scan line

adjusts the brightness or the degree of echo amplification of the entire image; may also be referred to as 2D gain 

a continous-wave non-imaging transducer

amplitude mode of doppler where it is not the shift itself that provides the signal but rather the strength (amplitude) of the shift

doppler technique that uses pulses of sound to obtain doppler signals from a user-specified depth

ultrasound imaging technique that allows continual imaging of the body as if one were watching a movie

the orientation mark on the transducer; also referred to as the notch or index

longitudinal plane

the area form which information is obtained using pulsed-wave doppler; also referred to as the sample gate

the term used to describe the transducer's orientation relative to the body or structure

time gain compensation knobs that allow for the alteration of brightness at a specific depth on the image

control that alters the brightness of an image at a specific depth; may also be referred to as depth gain compensation or depth compensation gain

the instrument used to obtain an image of the human body using ultrasound; also referred to as the ultrasound probe

the act of maintaining the correct placement of the transducer on or within the body in order to provide the accurate demonstration of anatomy

enhances the resolution of an area in the image by electronic focusing; also referred to as the focus

the plane that divides the body or body part into superior and inferior portions

allows for the magnification of the image by often increasing the pixel size

premium view processing allows for system-controlled image optimization specific to the patients for B-mode and spectral Doppler, which is often independent of the sonographer's adjustments. manufacturers may use different terms for this technology

allows for a structure to be traced and the distance measured

allows for the control of cursor for text, cine looping, and various other trackball features. act as a mouse on a computer. the selection keys enter/select are often located adjacent to the trackball

permits the activation of different transducers. this control may also appear as a diagram or drawing of the transducers