Of the vomiting and bloody diarrhea bugs: EIEC ______fever, EHEC ______ fever
Causes (EIEC)
Does not cause (EHEC)
Bugs that causes bloody diarrhea, fever but no vomiting:
Campylobacter jejuni
Shigella
Clostridium difficile
Gram stain/shape of Listeria monocytogenes?
Gram positive
Coccobacillus
(short and chubby)
What is characteristic of Listeria monocytogenes?
Tumbling motility
Listeria monocytogenes are ______ hemolytic, catalase ______. Facultatively _____
Beta
Positive
intracellular
True/false: Listeria grows in 42 degree temperature
False; it grows well at cold fridge temperature. 42 degrees is for Campylobacter jejuni
Listeria most common found in the US in these foods:
Soft cheeses
Deli meat
What is the Listeria toxin?
Lysteriolysin O
True/false: Listeria can colonize the female genital tract so baby can be infected at birth
True
Newborn Meningitis and sepsis can be caused by this bug ____
Listeria
Abortion, stillbirths, premature births are associated with this bug ____
Listeria
T/F: Listeria is nonmotile
False; they are motile
How would you diagnose species of listeriosis?
Sugar fermentation tests
T/F: Meningitis and sepsis caused by listeria does not require treatment
False; Listera gastroenteritis deos not require treatment, but meningitis and sepsis definitely need it – treat with ampicillin or gentamicin or you’ll die
What are the non-enterobacteriaceae bugs?
Vibrio
Campylobacter jejuni/coli
Non-enterobacteriaceae are Gram _____. Oxidase _____
Gram negative, rods
Positive
Which non Enterobacteriaceae is found in water?
Vibrio cholerae
Which biotypes of V cholerae cause most epidemics?
El Tor
O 139
T/F: V cholerae are acid resistant, does not take much to cause illness
False; they are NOT acid resistant, need to ingest millions to cause illness
What is the toxin for Cholera?
AB toxin
V cholerae has this toxin ________. And it works by stimulation of _____ which causes increase in______, leading to loss of ___________.
Adenylate cyclase
cAMP
fluid and electrolyte loss
T/F: Cholera gene was acquired from a bacteriophage
True
V. cholerae _____(Does/does not) ferment sucrose. V parahaemolyticus and V vulnificus ____ (does/ does not) ferment sucrose
Does
Does NOT
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is transmitted through ______
Ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood, especially OYSTERS
T/F: V cholerae and V parahaemolyticus both have AB toxin
True
Vibrio vulnificus can cause _____ and lead to _____ in immunocompromised
Cellulitis in wound injuries
Fatal septicemia
Which Vibrio infection requires immediate antibiotic treatment?
V vulnificus
T/F: V cholerae requires antibiotic treatment
False; just fluids and electrolytes
Campylobacter jejuni is gram ______, oxidase _____ and part of the ___ family
Positive
Rod
Positive
Non-Enterobacteriaceae
Oxygen use for campylobacter jejuni?
Microaerophilic – requires less O2 to grow
T/F: Campylobacter jejuni grows at cold fridge temperature
False; grows at 42 degrees. Cold fridge temp is for Listeria
Which bug is associated with Guillain-Barre?
Campylobacter
_______ is associated with meningitis. _____ is associated with Guillan-Barre
Listeria
Campylobacter
T/F: Campylobacter is associated with shellfish
False; Campylobacter is found in domestic animals notably puppies. Shellfish is for Vibrio
Which bug is Nalidixic acid resistant?
Campylobacter
Campylobacter can be diagnosed from ____
Blood agar plus antibiotics
True/false: ALL of the Enterobacteriaceae bugs are oxidase NEGATIVE, and facultative anaerobes
True! Just as the non-enterobacteriaceae ones are oxidase positive
Gram stain/shape of Shigella. What is its motility, lactose fermenting?
Gram negative rods
Non-motile
Non-lactose fermenting
How does Shigella cause enteritis?
Invades enterocytes and get into macrophages. But they do NOT penetrate into the body
