Biology flashcards leaving cert

• To provide energy
• for growth and repair
• for chemical reactions in the body

• carbon
• nitrogen
• oxygen
• sulfer
• phosphorus
• hydrogen

elements needed in small amounts

• copper
• iron
• zinc

chemicals made inside a living thing

• carbohydrate
• protein
• lipid
• vitamins

Cx(H2o)y

maltose and sucrose

triglyceride

consists of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

amino acid

• fibrous (hair and fingernails)
• globular (enzyme)

• carbon
• nitrogen
• oxygen
• hydrogen

• sulpher
• phosphorus

• our bodies can't make vitamins
• only needed in a small amount
• complex carbon based substances

Broken down to provide energy (starch)

broken down to provide energy

enzyme used to control chemical reactions in our body

hormones are used to control body reactions

antibodies help fight infections

helps the immune system to function properly

helps form connective tissue (holds body structures together)

• helps the intestine to absorb calcium
• helps form healthy bones

cellulose helps form plant cell walls

• keratin in hair
• myosin in muscle

stores fats are used in heat insulation and protection of organs

• phospholipids
• help form the structure of a cell membrane of  a cell

A complex molecule broken into simpler molecules

they release energy and require enzymes

convert smaller molecules into larger ones

a technique in which micro-organism, living cells or their components are used to produce the desired end product

• a large container where bioprocessing occurs
• fermenter
• anaerobic bacteria

bacteria fo through all 5 growth phases

bacteria are maintained at log phase

substances produced by micro-organisms that stop the growth of kill other microorganisms without damaging human tissue

an organism which is a combination of a fungus and an alga

found in areas of no pollution

What the fungus grows on and gets their nutrients from

feed spores

They are dead when not in a living organism and they are living when inside a living organism

don't have a nucleus

• has an enzyme that converts virla rna to dna
• e.g bacteriaophage

• protein coat (capsid)
• DNA or RNA

The endoplasm has a grainy like appearance due to the presence of the food vacuole and contractile vacuole. It is fluid like.

while the ectoplasm is soft and allows the formation of the pseudopod

too much water moves in into plant cell. This turgor pressure is caused when the vacuole and cytoplasm push out against the cell wall.

If too much water leaves the plant cell. This occurs when the vacuole and cytoplasm shrivel and cell membrane pulls away from cell walls

An enzyme that is attached to an inert material such as a gel e.g sodium alginate gel

The use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce products

A large container that holds  the enzyme

• engulf bacteria e.g macrophages/monocytes
• 5%

• make antibodies to kill bacteria
• about 25%