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What is the function of food
To provide energy
for growth and repair
for chemical reactions in the body
All elements present in food
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
sulfer
phosphorus
hydrogen
What are trace elements and name them
elements needed in small amounts
copper
iron
zinc
What are all the biomolecules
chemicals made inside a living thing
carbohydrate
protein
lipid
vitamins
equation of carbohydrates
Cx(H2o)y
Glucose and glucose
Glucose and fructose
maltose and sucrose
Basic unit of a protein
triglyceride
consists of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
Basic
unit of a protein
amino acid
Types of proteins
fibrous (hair and fingernails)
globular (enzyme)
Elements in proteins
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
hydrogen
sulpher
phosphorus
Vitamins
our bodies can't make vitamins
only needed in a small
amount
complex
carbon based
substances
Metabolic
role of carbohydrates
Broken down to provide energy (starch)
Metabolic
role of lipids
broken down to provide energy
Metabolic
role of proteins
enzyme
used to control chemical reactions in our body
hormones are used to control body reactions
antibodies help fight infections
Metabolic
role of vitamin c
helps the immune system to function properly
helps form connective tissue (holds body structures together)
The metabolic role of vitamin d
helps the intestine to absorb calcium
helps form healthy bones
Structural role of carbohydrates
cellulose helps form plant cell walls
Structural role of proteins
keratin in hair
myosin in muscle
Structural role of lipids
stores fats are used in heat insulation and protection of organs
phospholipids
help form the structure of a cell membrane of a cell
Catabolic reaction
A complex molecule
broken
into simpler molecules
they release energy and require enzymes
Anabolic reactions
convert smaller molecules into larger ones
Bioprocessing
a techniq
ue in which micro-organism, living cells or their components are used to produce the desired end product
Batch culture
a large container where bioprocessing occurs
fermenter
anaerobic bacteria
Batch culture
bacteria fo through all 5 growth phases
Continous flow culture
bacteria are maintained at log phase
Anti-biotics
substances produced by micro-organisms that stop the growth of kill other microorganisms without damaging human tissue
Lichen
an organism which is a combination of a fungus and an alga
found in areas of no pollution
Substrate
What the fungus grows on and gets their nutrients from
Columella
feed spores
Viruses are obligate parasites? explain
They are dead when not in a living organism and they are living when inside a living organism
wHY DON'T anti-biotics work
don't have a
nucl
eus
What is a
retro-virus
has an enzyme that converts
virla
rna
to
dna
e.g bacteriaophage
Structure of a virus
protein coat (capsid)
DNA or RNA
Difference between endo and ectoplasm
The endoplasm has a grainy like appearance due to the presence of the food vacuole and contractile vacuole. It is fluid like.
while the ectoplasm is soft and allows the formation of the pseudopod
Turgid
too much water moves in into plant cell. This turgor pressure is caused when the vacuole and cytoplasm push out against the cell wall.
Plasmolysis
If too much water leaves the plant cell. This occurs when the vacuole and cytoplasm shrivel and cell membrane pulls away from cell walls
Immobilised enzymes
An enzyme that is attached to an inert material such as a gel e.g sodium alginate gel
Bioprocessing enzymes
The use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce products
Bioreactor E
A large container that holds the enzyme
Phagocytes
engulf bacteria e.g macrophages/monocytes
5%
Lymphocytes
make antibodies to kill bacteria
about 25%
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Author
cat126
ID
347216
Card Set
Biology flashcards leaving cert
Description
words
Updated
2019-09-04T06:24:37Z
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