Product Design Part 3 - aesthetics

  1. Define aesthetics
    A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty.
  2. Define form
    Form refers to the shape and colour of a product.
  3. What can the form of a product be dictated by?
    Technical functions of the product, and/or the need for aesthetics
  4. Define function
    Function refers to the technical functions of a product
  5. Examples of form strictly following function
    • electronic circuit boards
    • racing yachts
    • racing cars
    • racing bikes

    (remember colour can be important, and can have ergonomic functions)
  6. Examples of form not strictly following function
    • cars
    • motorbikes
    • commuter bikes
    • prams
    • hairdryers
    • etc.

    (form of these is a compromise between function and other stuff like aesthetics)
  7. list 5 important aesthetic principles
    • Subjective - can't be measured
    • Objective - there is mathematical order
    • Affected by conditioning & is dynamic
    • Affected by symbolism
    • Requires right combo of individual elements of beauty - challenging
  8. How is aesthetics subjective?
    can't measure beauty - it's an emotional response which varies between people
  9. How is aesthetics objective?
    mathematical order is identifiable in e.g. cars, elements of architecture and music
  10. How is aesthetics affected by conditioning?
    And how is it dynamic?
    people are conditioned to respond to things in certain ways - e.g. "military" or "romantic" music / "modern or "classical" architecture. People are conditioned to expect certain features e.g. car shoulder line

    Dynamic because this conditioning can change over time. Pioneering designers can 'change the rules'
  11. Example of symbolism in aesthetics
    hour-glass waist often found in bottles
  12. Car Styling Definitions:

    baseline
    bottom line of car
  13. Car Styling Definitions:

    beltline
    demarcation between body panels and windows
  14. Car Styling Definitions:

    Shoulder Line
    Line at which the car begins to narrow in upper part (sometimes same as swage line)
  15. Car Styling Definitions:

    Swage line
    Ridge along side of car near/on door handles (sometime called upper character line)
  16. Car Styling Definitions:

    Character Lines
    Additional crease lines in body work for character
  17. Car Styling Definitions:

    Bottom trim
    Plastic trim along bottom of car
  18. Car Styling Definitions:

    Cladding
    Added Plastic
  19. Car Styling Definitions:

    Gill
    Hot air outlet behind front wheel
  20. Car Styling Definitions:

    Air intake
    Openings on bonnet or at front of car
  21. Car Styling Definitions:

    Grill
    At front of car - often specific design for each manufacturer
  22. Car Styling Definitions:

    Sill
    Section below door
  23. Car Styling Definitions:

    Top Spoiler
    Protrusion at top of car at rear
  24. Car Styling Definitions:

    Spoiler
    Separate spoiler on boot
  25. Car Styling Definitions:

    A pillar
    Windscreen pillar
  26. Car Styling Definitions:

    B Pillar
    Driver's door pillar
  27. Car Styling Definitions:

    C Pillar
    Rear pillar
  28. Car Styling Definitions:

    Rake angle
    Angle of Windscreen
  29. Car Styling Definitions:

    Overhang
    Amount of overhang from wheel to front (or back) of car
  30. List 10 interior design styles
    • Modern
    • Contemporary
    • Minimalist
    • Industrial
    • Mid-century modern
    • scandanavian
    • traditional
    • bohemian
    • rustic
    • shabby-chic
  31. Interior design characteristics:
    Modern
    • clean crisp lines
    • simple colour palette
    • metal/glass/steel
  32. Interior design characteristics:
    contemporary
    • similar to modern
    • may include curved lines, modern doesn't
  33. Interior design characteristics:
    minimalist
    • very simple designs and shapes
    • neutral and airy colour palettes
    • simple, streamlined furnishings
  34. Interior design characteristics:
    industrial
    • draws inspiration from warehouse/urban loft
    • maybe exposed brick, ductwork, wood
  35. Interior design characteristics:
    mid-century modern
    • throwback to design of mid-1990s
    • elements of minimalism
  36. Interior design characteristics:
    scandanavian
    • relates to simplicity of life in nordic countries
    • sometimes ll white colour palettes
  37. Interior design characteristics:
    traditional
    • classic details
    • sumptuous furnishings
    • abundance of accessories
  38. Interior design characteristics:
    bohemian
    • eclectic
    • e.g. ultra glam chandelier paired with well worn rug and mid-century chair
  39. Interior design characteristics:
    bohemian
    • inspiration from nature
    • raw, sometimes unfinished elements
    • wood, stone
  40. Interior design characteristics:
    shabby chic
    • vintage-inspired
    • softer, more feminine and delicate than bohemian etc
  41. list 5 car interior styles
    why are there fewer than for buildings?
    • functional
    • modern
    • sporty
    • luxury
    • futuristic

    ergonomics takes priority, safety is paramount - fewer styles, all of which relatively simple
  42. Car interior style characteristics:

    functional
    complete focus on ergonomics and convenience
  43. Car interior style characteristics:
    modern
    • clean, crisp lines
    • simple colour palette
  44. Car interior style characteristics:
    sporty
    • red seat belts
    • deep bucket seat
    • small steering wheel
  45. Car interior style characteristics:
    luxury
    wood or wood effect
  46. Car interior style characteristics:
    futuristic
    • very clean
    • minimalistic
    • high-tech
  47. 8 factors involved in car colour selection
    • Aesthetics
    • Association
    • Cleanability
    • Definition
    • Safety
    • Heat Absorption
    • Cost
    • Resale
  48. Car colour factors examples:
    Aesthetics
    Blue is seen as bright, cheerful, calming
  49. Car colour factors examples:
    Association
    • White - High tech
    • Yellow, orange, bright red - fast cars
    • black - power, importance
    • silver, titanium - metal, machines
  50. Car colour factors examples:
    Cleanability
    • white - poor (needs recleaning)
    • black - can show smudges more than other colours
  51. Car colour factors examples:
    Definition
    Dark blue doesn't reveal as complex shapes as e.g. white
  52. Car colour factors examples:
    Safety
    Black - less safe for night driving
  53. Car colour factors examples:
    Heat absorption
    • black - absorbs heat, good for cold countries
    • white - doesn't absorb eat, good for hot countries
  54. Car colour factors examples:
    cost
    • metallic, iridescent have different costs
    • some colours cost more
  55. Car colour factors examples:
    resale
    green, brown - lower resale value
  56. what are the most popular car colours (2017)
    • Black  (20%) - Power
    • Grey   (20%) - Blend in with background
    • White  (19%) - like things to be clean
    • Blue    (16%) - association with blue sky
    • Silver  (10%) - impression of wealth
    • Red    (10%) - flamboyant
  57. music/visual aesthetic analogies
    give musical + form example(s) of:
    Individual feature
    • music - interval
    • form - curve, line, pattern
  58. music/visual aesthetic analogies
    give musical + form example(s) of:
    Connection of features
    • music - small interval
    • form - blending
  59. music/visual aesthetic analogies
    give musical + form example(s) of:
    phrase
    • music - phrase of notes
    • form - section of product
  60. music/visual aesthetic analogies
    give musical + form example(s) of:
    embellishment
    • music - trill
    • form - pattern
  61. music/visual aesthetic analogies
    give musical + form example(s) of:
    theme
    • music - military, romance
    • form - bulbous, box, curved
  62. music/visual aesthetic analogies
    give musical + form example(s) of:
    colour
    • music - harmonics
    • form - colour, highlights
  63. music/visual aesthetic analogies
    give musical + form example(s) of:
    ending
    • music - interval
    • form - trim
  64. which objectives are the primary design drivers for this type of car (and any comments)?
    Most Saloons
    • Aesthetics/Aero/Ergonomics
    • (aero design compromised)
  65. which objectives are the primary design drivers for this type of car (and any comments)?
    most SUVs
    • Aesthetics/Ergonomics/Safety
    • (Aero design compromised)
  66. which objectives are the primary design drivers for this type of car (and any comments)?
    Most sports cars
    • Aero/Aesthetics
    • (Ergo design not good)
  67. which objectives are the primary design drivers for this type of car (and any comments)?
    most Volvos
    • Safety/Ergonomics/Aesthetics
    • (no comments, apparently these cars are perfection. who knew?)
  68. which objectives are the primary design drivers for this type of car (and any comments)?
    Fiat Doblo
    • Ergonomics
    • (Aesthetics/Aero not good)
  69. which objectives are the primary design drivers for this type of car (and any comments)?
    F1 car
    • Aerodynamics
    • (has inherent aesthetics)
  70. examples of mathematics in form
    • golden ratio
    • nested ratios
    • symmetry
    • circles/ellipses
    • quadrifolium (4 leaf clover)
    • cardioids
  71. Aesthetics in form case study (Ferrari 488)
    give examples of where/how this feature is used:
    curves
    • Bonnet
    • roof
    • wing mirror
    • etc
  72. Aesthetics in form case study (Ferrari 488)
    give examples of where/how this feature is used:
    blending
    Wheel arches blending with side character line
  73. Aesthetics in form case study (Ferrari 488)
    give examples of where/how this feature is used:
    flowing lines
    shoulder line across wheel arch
  74. Aesthetics in form case study (Ferrari 488)
    give examples of where/how this feature is used:
    borders
    • windows
    • wheels
  75. Aesthetics in form case study (Ferrari 488)
    give examples of where/how this feature is used:
    slenderness
    alloy wheel spoke width
  76. Aesthetics in form case study (Ferrari 488)
    give examples of where/how this feature is used:
    embellishments
    alloy wheel
  77. Aesthetics in form case study (Ferrari 488)
    give examples of where/how this feature is used:
    Contrast
    smooth panels vs mesh of air intake
  78. Aesthetics in form case study (Ferrari 488)
    give examples of where/how this feature is used:
    common themes
    • common lines on side and bonnet
    • common mesh on front and rear intakes
    • common partition of air intakes at front and back
    • bottom border behind and infront of front wheel
    • ferrari badge x7
  79. 3 principles of car styling
    • Consistent basic layout
    • consistent car types
    • individual designs within a particular shape type
  80. 10 car types
    • micro - v small
    • mini - small
    • sedan - medium
    • coupe - 3 door
    • hatchback - large boot door
    • small SUV - small sports utility vehicle
    • standard SUV - 
    • convertible - luxury
    • supercar - VERy fast moving at incredible hihg speed
    • minivan - people carrier
  81. 8 "strength" styling features used for SUVs
    • corrugated panels (corrugation = reinforcement)
    • thicc sections
    • smaller windows (smaller means more protection)
    • narrower above shoulder line (makes doors seem deeper/stronger)
    • high floor base (higher means safer)
    • deep engine compartment (big barrier before driver)
    • thicc black rim around base (stronk reinforcement)
    • big colours (white makes car look bigger and wider)
  82. why does style change over time
    • people like change for the sake of change
    • designers thinking about how to make the next car different
    • new manufacturing processes
    • (1990s - new processes allowed for curvy bodies
    • recently - new light tech allows for novel front and rear designs
    • designers always on lookout for new manufacturing capabilities)
  83. how has car styling changed since 70s
    • 1970-1990 - box cars
    • 1990-2000 - curves started coming in, alloy wheels
    • 2000-present - sophisticated, bold curves and edges
  84. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    red
    • associations - blood, fire, lava, roses, apples, ladybird, ball, balloon, sports car, joseph stalin
    • emo/sym - warmth, passion, love, vigorous, exciting, irritating, danger, courage, communism
  85. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    orange
    • associations - fire, sunset, orange (fruit), tiger, pumpkins, autumn
    • emo/sym - heat, burning, glory, laughter, harvest, happiness
  86. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    lellow
    • ass - sunlight, daffodils, cheese, duck, birds
    • emo/sym - brightness, liveliness, joy, happiness, egotist, intelligence, cowardice, decay, sickness
  87. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    yellow/green
    • ass - spring leaves, amphibians
    • emo/sym - growth, youth, verdant, fresh, cheerfulness, peace, faith
  88. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    gren
    • ass - leaves, grass, evergreens, froggies, pears
    • emo/sym - restful, growth, relaxation, efficient, quiet, victory, environmental
  89. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    gren/blu
    • ass - sea, caribbean ocean, turquoise
    • emo/sym - cool, clean, mystery, song, poetry, aloofness
  90. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    bloo
    • ass - blooberrys, water, sky, sea, ocean, david cameron
    • emo/sym - loyalty, cool, spaciousness, safe, conservative, sensible, spirituality, serenity, mystery, truth
  91. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    violet/purble
    • ass - grapes, royalty, scarlet, the incredibles
    • emo/sym - dignified, regal, seductive, wealth, melancholy, sadness, piety
  92. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    p!nk
    • ass - barbie, young girls, pigs
    • emo/sym - feminine, delicate, youthful, romantic, sweet
  93. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    brown
    • ass - earth, dirt, wood, bread, dogs, bears, leather, chocolate, shit
    • emo/sym - grounded, earthy, soft, furry, substance, stability
  94. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    black
    • ass - night, olives, dominoes, shadow, tuxedo
    • emo/sym - mourning, dignity, death, formal, classic, elegant
  95. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    white
    • ass - clouds, milk, snow, polar bears, swans, sheep, porcelain, doves, ultimate frisbee
    • emo/sym - purity, cleanliness, holy, winter
  96. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    grey
    • ass - fog, shadow, elephant, pavement
    • emo/sym - practical, timeless, classic, ambivalent, distance, shadowy
  97. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    silver
    • ass - silver, platinum, steel, spoon, taps
    • emo/sym - classic, cool, HM04, value, high tech
  98. colour associations, emotions, symbolism
    gold
    • ass - GOLD, always believe in your soouul, jewelry, coins
    • emo/sym - value, rich, preciousness, radiant, warm
  99. design guidelines (for form, surface colour, texture, material, graphics, tech) for particular market sector:
    Senior citizen
    • form - safe
    • surface colour - highly visible
    • texture - comfy
    • material - traditional
    • graphics - legible
    • tech - reliable
  100. design guidelines (for form, surface colour, texture, material, graphics, tech) for particular market sector:
    yuppie
    • form - crisp
    • surface colour - black
    • texture - matte
    • material - plastic
    • graphics - minimal
    • tech - state of the art
  101. design guidelines (for form, surface colour, texture, material, graphics, tech) for particular market sector:
    green
    • form - organic
    • surface colour - not pure white
    • texture - natural
    • material - recyclable
    • graphics - instructive
    • tech - renewable
  102. design guidelines (for form, surface colour, texture, material, graphics, tech) for particular market sector:
    sports person
    • form - robust
    • surface colour - yellow (apparently, idk)
    • texture - non-slip
    • material - waterproof
    • graphics - dynamic
    • tech - split-second accurate
  103. examples of styling in cars
    (this is v vague, make of it what you will)
    • SEAT - crossed character lines
    • vauxhall minerva - stepped beltline, rear door opens the other way
    • toyota aygo - futuristic lines
    • Porsche - exaggerated shoulder lines
    • BMW - upper character line through handles and petrol cap right to end (long straight line means speed, makes car seem slimmer)
    • merc - character line below handles
    • audi - above handles
    • functional cars - fiat doblo/multipla
    • honda frv - six seater, three seats at front
  104. how many hue colours are there and how are they made
    • 12
    • 3 primary colours (RBY)
    • 3 secondary colours (combine 2 primary colours to make a secondary colour)
    • 6 tertiary colours (combine adjacent primary and secondary colours to make tertiary)
  105. pigment vs structural colours
    how produced?
    differences?
    • pigment - produced by adding pigments (as with clothing)
    • structural - produced by light reflection (as with thin film interference in peacock feathers)

    differences

    • structural less subject to fading, purer, deeper lustre
    • structural sometimes iridescent - change with view angle
  106. how can an individual colour be altered?
    • tinting - adding white
    • shading - adding black
    • toning - adding grey
  107. characteristics of tints
    delicate, feminine colours - used for medical products and women's products
  108. characteristics of tones
    • considered more pleasing to the eye
    • more complex, subtle, sophisticated
  109. colour affecting size perception
    • dark - small
    • light - large
  110. how does colour emphasise shape definition
    • white - reveals shape and edges of bumper
    • dark - curvature hard to see, colour remains constant, shadows contrast less, muffled by reflections
  111. colour emphasises danger, how? uses?
    • yellow/ black - danger because of nature - wasps, snakes etc
    • good for warning signs, too much not good for interiors
    • similar with red/black
  112. which colours produce a restful atmosphere?
    • blue
    • green
  113. which colours produce a warm atmosphere
    • orange
    • burgundy
  114. which colours produce a work atmosphere
    grey
  115. metallic paint - what is, and why good?
    • metal particles suspended in the paint
    • particles reflect more light
    • gives car more attractive shine
    • reveals car shape better than solid paint
  116. iridescent paint - what is, and any comments?
    • colour changes with angle of view (thin-film interference)
    • contains precision thin reflective layers of translucent material
    • inspired by some birds feathers
    • can be used on cars now
    • expensive
  117. glossy cars?
    lacquer is applied to card to create shiny gloss
  118. define lustre
    a measure of the intensity/quality of the colour
  119. how can colour of seats be affected but not by changing the colour
    different textures can make the colour look different
Author
JonnyMillar
ID
347045
Card Set
Product Design Part 3 - aesthetics
Description
Aesthetics
Updated