IFT Academic test

Angular difference of the chord line in relation to the relative wind

Imaginary straight line between the leading and trailing edge

is parallel to and opposite the flight path of the airplane

Opposes weight and gravity


Key aerodynamic force

Exceeding the critical angle of attack

The separation of airflow from the airfoil resulting in the loss of lift

THROTTLE - IDLE

RUDDER - FULL OPPOSITE TO SPIN

CONTROL STICK - EASE FORWARD

RUDDER - NEUTRAL WHEN ROTATION STOPS

FLAPS - CRUISE

CONTROL STICK - PULL CAUTIOUSLY

passes through CG

called YAW

controlled by rudder pedals

Wingtip to wingtip through CG

Called pitch

Controlled by elevator

Nose to tail through CG

Called Roll

Controlled by Ailerons

• Left turning tendency
• Newton's third law
• Propeller rotates clockwise-rotates plane counterclockwise

• Right turning tendency
• caused by props gryroscope characteristics

Unequal thrust causes yaw left

• Torque
• Gyroscopic precession
• Asymmetrical thrust
• Spiraling slip stream

• Parasite
• Induced

• Form
• Interference
• Skin

• L/D Max
• 73 KIAS

• created by the production of lift
• inversely proportional to square of speed

• weight
• forward CG
• changes in wing shape (i.e. ice or snow)
• turbulence

horizontal component of lift

increasing load factor causes aircraft to stall at higher speeds

• Stall speed decreases
• stability decreases
• cruise speed increase

• Stall Speed increases
• Stability increases
• Cruise speed decreases

equals better performance

goes down

• 29.92
• 15C
• 0% humidity

• Air density decreases
• performance goes down

• Best angle of climb
• 60 KIAS Flaps T/O

• Best rate of climb 
• 66KIAS Flaps T/O

34KIAS

• 42KIAS
• Flaps up

• cleared to cross
• cleared to takeoff
• cleared to land

• cleared to taxi
• return for landing

• taxi clear of runway
• airport is unsafe/do not land

widely disseminated

center NOTAMS

Solid blue line

Solid magenta

Dashed blue line

Dashed magenta line

• A
• B
• C
• D
• E

• IFR only
• Clearance required
• FL180-FL600
• <Mach 1

• Clearance required
• IFR & VFR
• Two way radio maintained
• Mode C

<Mach 1

<250KIAS

<200 KIAS

• 3SM
• clear of clouds

• IFR & VFR
• Two way communication 
• Mode C

• <250 KIAS
• <200 KIAS below 2,500AGL w/i 4nm of airport

• 1532
• 1000' above
• 500' below
• 3 SM vis
• 2,000' horizontal

Surface to 10,000 MSL (generally)

• Core = surface-4,000AGL 5NM radius
• Shelf = 1,200AGL-4,000'AGL, 5-10NM

Two way communications

• <250KIAS
• <200KIAS within 4NM of primary airport

• 1532
• 1,000 above
• 500 below
• 3SM
• 2,000 horizontally

SFC-2,500 AGL

• 1532
• 1,000 above
• 500 below
• 3SM
• 2,000 horizontally

• 5111
• 5SM
• 1,000 above
• 1,000 below
• 1SM horizontally

• <250 KIAS below 10,000MSL
• <Mach 1 above 10,000MSL

• 5111
• 5SM
• 1,000 above
• 1,000 below
• 1SM horizontally

• 1SM vis
• Clear of clouds

• 1512
• 1SM vis
• 500' below
• 1,000' above
• 2,000 horizontally

Systematic approach to the mental process used by aircraft pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances

• 1. Identify personal attitudes hazardous to safe flight
• 2. learn behavior modification techinques
• 3. learn to recognize and cope with stress
• 4. develop RM skills
• 5. use all resources
• 6. Evaluate effectiveness of ADM skills

• 1. Anit-authority
• 2. Impulsivity
• 3. Invulnerability
• 4. Macho
• 5. Resignation

Follow the rules.  They are usually right.

Not so fast. Think first

It could happen to me

Taking chances is foolish

I'm not helpless.  I can make a difference

Decision-making process to systematically evaluate possible courses of action, ID risks and benefits and determine the best course of action

Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected surface designated for takeoffs and landings of an aircraft

• 1. Mission planning/debriefing (mission analysis)
• 2. Communication
• 3. Risk management/decision making
• 4. Situational awareness (SA)
• 5. Task management
• 6. Crew Coordination/flight integrity

• Slotted
• electric flap acuator
• 3 positions

• Propeller
• IO-240-B engine
• 125hp @ 2800RPM

• tank
• gascolator
• Duke's fuel pump
• fuel shutoff
• engine driven fuel pump
• throttle body/Fuel control unit
• fuel distribution manifold
• fuel injectors
• engine cylinders

• Ignition switch
• magnetos
• ignition leads
• spark plugs

• Wet oil sump
• engine-driven oil pump
• oil filter
• vernatherm (oil cooler bypass)
• engine accessories
• engine components

the characteristic of the aerofoil's upper and lower surfaces

pressure altitude corrected for variations in temperature

the speed of the aircraft as observed on the airspeed indicator

• speed of the aircraft in relation to the air mass in which it is flying
• IAS corrected for air density

• 3 minute behind heavy 
• 2 minute behind small plus
• 1 minute behind small helicopters
• 3,000' lateral with small fixed wing aircraft