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Clostridium difficile Microbiology
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Gram stain and shape of C diff?
Gr + Rod
What is C diff’s oxygen metabolism?
Obligate anaerobe
True/false: C diff are non-endospore formers
True
False
False; they make maaaaad endospore that can survive to up to 2 years
True/false: Clostridium are gram-positive nonfilamentous spore-froming rods like Bacillus
True
False
True
Clostridium ____ (can/cannot) grow in aerobic condition. Bacillus _____ (can/cannot) grow in aerobic condition
Clostridium cannot (they are obligate anaerboes)
Bacillus can grow in aerobic condition
Which Clostridium species can cause pseudomembranous colitis? Which can cause gas gangrene?
Colitis – C diff
Gas gangrene- C perfringens
True/false: C diff is found ubiquitously, in soil, water, lower GI of humans, animals
True
False
True
What are the clinically important anaerobes?
Clostridium (Gram + nonfilamentous rods)
Bacteroides (Gram negative rods)
Actinomyces (Gr + filamentous rods)
(Think
: Can’t Breathe Air)
What are virulence factors for C difficle?
Endospores
Flagella
Toxins A and B
What is Toxin A?
Enterotoxin
Directly activate neutorphil
What is Toxin B?
Cytotoxin
Causes actin depolymerization and eventual cell death
Which toxin directly activates neutrophils?
Toxin A (enterotoxin)
Which toxin is the more potent toxin that can mediate colonic mucosal damage?
Toxin B (cyototoxin)
True/false: C diff can have strain that does not have either toxin, or could have just one toxin
True
False
True
True/false: C diff toxin have little effect to the body until C diff becomes the predominant organism and toxin level is high enough
True
False
True
What is the greatest risk facto for C diff?
Antibiotic use
Is C diff associated diarrhea transmitted endogenously or exogenously.
BOTH! Either overgrowth of C diff (endogenous) or fecal-oral route (exogenous) transmission
CDAD presents with which symptoms?
Foul smelling watery diarrhea (because anaerobes)
Psuedomembranous colitis
What is the most common method of diagnosing CDAD?
**PCR of stool – very sensitive and specific!
ELISA of stool for toxins A/B (not for endospores)
Glutamate dehydrogenase immunoassays (can’t tell if the organism is MAKING toxin or has GENES for toxin)
Which diagnostic method of CDAD gives false positive?
GDH immunoassays (glutamate dehydrogenase)
Best hand hygiene to prevent CDAD?
Gloves
What is fecal transplant?
Someone else’s poop in you. Administered via enema, colonoscope, NG/jeujunal tube or oral pill
Treatment for CDAD?
Discontinue antibiotic
Fluid replacement
Oral vanco or oral fidaxomicin
How do psuedomembranes appear on sigmoidoscopic exam?
Raised yellow or off-white plaques up to 2 cm diameter scatter on colorectal mucosa
Author
lykthrnn
ID
346985
Card Set
Clostridium difficile Microbiology
Description
GI Final- Microbiology
Updated
2019-05-15T03:55:31Z
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