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Atherosclerosis
- build-up of fatty plaque in inner layer of vessels
- obstructs blood flow
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Myocardial ischemia
insufficient blood flow through the heart, usually during exercise
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Myocardial Infarction (MI)
"heart attack", blood clot blocks vessel
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signs of cardiovascular disease
- Pain, discomfort (or other anginal equivalent) in the chest, neck, jaw, arms, or other areas that may be due to ischemia Shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion
- Dizziness or syncope
- Ankle edema
- Palpitations or tachycardia
- Intermittent claudication
- Known heart murmur
- Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities
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Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease that can NOT be changed?
Family history
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Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease that CAN be changed?
- Cigarette Smoking
- Hypertension
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Impaired Fasting Glucose (diabetes mellitus)
- obesity (sedentary lifestyle)
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Atherosclerosis is reversible to a degree, what can you do to reverse it?
- Management of Risk Factors
- Medical intervention
- Diet
- Exercise
- Appropriate body composition
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What is Cardiac Rehabilitation?
Multi-phase approach to assist in the recovery from or the prevention of a cardiac event (include exercise programs and classes on risk factor reduction and the benefits of a healthy lifestyle)
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Cardiac Rehabilitation has been shown to reduce death rates in patients after an MI by what percent?
25%, early mobalization after a heart attack is better than extended bed rest
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What is the goal of the 1st phase of cardiac rehab?
- Goal: To offset the deleterious effects of
- bed rest and prepare for phase II (low/moderate exercise program)
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What is the education given in the 1st phase of cardiac rehab?
Teach risk factors, survival skills (symptom recognition, plan of action, use of medication), counseling
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What is the goal of the 2nd phase of cardiac rehab?
To restore patient to optimal functional ability (monitored exercise, frequent evaluations)
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What is the education of the 2nd phase of cardiac rehab?
- Risk factor reduction
- Lifestyle modifications
- Clinical issues (diabetes, hypertension, etc.)
- Stress management
- Medication
- Goal setting
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What are the goals of the 3rd phase of cardiac rehab?
Continue with improvements from phase II, some supervised exercise, teach self motivated exercise, education, encourage lifestyle habits
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