Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 3

• 90% lipids
• -75% phospholipids
• -20% cholesterol of the lipids
• -2% globular proteins

• 75% of lipid content
• Polar molecules form a bilayer in water
• Hydrophilic heads face out and
• Hydrophobic lipid regions are protected on the inside

• Structural support
• 20% of the lipid

proteins are suspended in the bilayer

• act as channels (which are hydrophilic) or pores
• act as receptors for hormones; ex. insulin
• exzymes that are bound to the membrane
• cell identity marker; you tissue type; glycoprotein
• points of attachment for cell to cell

carbohydrate extensions of the macromolecules; essential to chemical identification of you

• 1.Selectively permeable barrier: controls what comes in and goes out
• 2.Communication with other cells (important in immune system)
• 3.Senses cell surroundings

double membrane with pores which regulates what enters or leaves the nucleus

can be in the center of the cell

houses the DNA and RNA; genes

proteins and RNA in two sub units

either attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytoplasm

site of protein synthesis

phospholipid membrane made into numerous channels and tunnels

• throughtout the cell interior
• connects the nuclear membrane to the interior of cell membrane

• intracellular communication
• 1.transports compounds around cell
• 2.site of lipid formation
• 3.location for some RNA so also site of protein synthesis

• phospholipid bilayer
• folds into many layers
• vesicles pinch off

-packaging and distrubuting

close to ER to receive materials for processing

packaging and distibution center; puts finishing touches on macromolecules

tiny packages made of membrane that contain digestive enzymes

-in WBC it breaks down bad things

throughout the cell;especially in WBC's

break down materials; destory bacteria; self destuction of cell

phospolipid membrane

double membrane, highly folded inner membrane; gives alot of service area

throughout the cell

to house the location of the ATP, Krebs cycle, and ETS

• microtubules/microfilaments
• support, organization
• fibrous proteins

throughout the cell

• spindles used during mitosis
• myofilaments for muscle cell contraction

• movement of "x" from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration
• 1.movement is passive
• 2.movement follows the concentration gradient

• 1.water
• 2.gases:oxygen and carbon dioxide
• 3.small nitrogenous waste: ammonia
• 4.Ions such as potassium and sodium

• 1.Degree or steepness of concentration gradient- rate of diffusion debends on the greatness of differences
• 2.size of molecule- smaller molecules move faster
• 3.temperature
• 4.surface area
• 5.permeability:ability of the chemical to find a way through the membrane

movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

same solute concentration in two areas

region has more solutes (thus less water) than another region

region has less solutes (thus more water) than another

hypotonic