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What is enterococcus gram stain and shape?
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True/false: Enterococcus is catalase negative just like staphylococcus
False; enterococcus is like streptococcus, both are catalase negative
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True/false: enterococcus is just like viridan streptococcus in that they are alpha hemolytic
False; enterococcus is gamma hemolytic
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Which oral and GI tract bacteria are bile-esculin positive?
Enterococcus and Bacteroides
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Enterococcus is PYR ____
Positive
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Which microbe is a leading cuase of multi drug resistance HAI
Enterococcus
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Which is the most common enterococcus species?
enterococcus faecalis
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Which is the most common enterococcus species having multi drug resistance?
Enterococcus faecium
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What are virulence factors of enterococcus?
- Intrinsic and acauired abx resistance
- Pili
- Biofilm
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On average, what is the percentage of the dry weight of feces is microbial?
50%
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How many pounds of bacteria do adults carry in the colon on average?
2 lbs
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Which type of bacteria are typically found in proximal GI tract ie in the duodenum?
Gr+ because they are hardier organisms, able to live in the low pH environment
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Colon has _____ pH, _____ motility and therefore it has ____ amount of microbes there vs in the intestines
Higher, slower. Higher
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Which bacteria is most responsible for anaerobic intraabdominal diseases in the colon?
E coli
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True/false: E coli is the most common bacteria found in the colon
False; it is less than 0.1% of total bacterial population
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What is the dominant genus in the colon?
Bacteroides (think Gr negative for colon!)
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What’s so great about the colon that bacteria just love it there?
- Least mobility so there’s time for them to reproduce
- High pH so it’s livable
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What is the motility of the small interesting compared to the stomach?
About the same, rapid motility. Except in the terminal ileum
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Which species of facultative anaerobes are catalase negative, unlike the rest of them?
- Streptococcus
- Enterococcus
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What is Enterobacteriaceae’s oxygen metabolism?
Facultative anaerobe
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True/false: Enterobacteriaceae (Gr -) and enterococcus (Gr +) are facultative anaerobes with and both are catalase positive
False; they are both facultative anaerobes but enterococcus are catalase NEGATIVE
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Can obligate/strict anaerobes Superoxide dismutase and catalase positive?
No, they lack both SOD and catalase
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What is Clostridium’s oxygen metabolism? Catalase/superoxide dismutase?
Obligate Anaerobes. Lack catalase and SOD
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