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Gram positive cocci that is catalase negative?
Streptococcus
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Gram positive cocci that is catalase positive?
Staphylococcus
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Viridans strep is ____ hemolytic. Optochin ___, and bile ____.
- Alpha
- Non-sensitive
- Insoluble
-
Virulence factors for viridian strep:
- Adhesins
- Produce dextrans
- Biofilms
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Which microbe is responsible for initiating events in dental caries?
Viridan strep
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Gram positive nonfilamentous non-endospore formers?
Lactobacillus
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Gram positive filamentous non-endospore former?
Actinomyces israelii
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Gram negative rods?
Bacteroides, Fusobacterium
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True/false: lactobacillus is part of normal microbiota of the mouth, stomach, intestines and GU
True
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Which of the oral cavity microbe is acidophilic?
Lactobacillus
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Lactobacillus major fermentation product is___?
Lactic acid
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True/false: some strains of lactobacillus makes H2O2
True
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What does H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) inhibit?
Inhibit anaerobes an other bugs without catalase
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True/false: Viridan strep is involved with progression of caries
False; they are involved in initiation of caries while LACTOBACILLUS is involved with PROGRESSION of caries
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Which oral cavity microbes are aerotolerant anaerobes? And what does that mean?
- Bacteroides and Fusobacterium
- Means they don’t use oxygen in its metabolism but can survive with or without oxygen
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Fusobacterium and bacteroides are usually superoxide dismutase ______ or catalase _____
-
What are virulence factors for Gram negative aerotolerant anaerobic bacilli in the mouth, colon, and GU?
- LPS (because Gr -)
- Adhesins
- Capsules (some)
- Collagenase
- Neuraminidase
- Deoxyribonuclease, heparinase, proteinase
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Aerotolerant anaerobe growth is stimulated by ____, and they are bile-esculin ____
-
True/false: most strains of Viridan strep synthesizes beta lactamases
False; Strep are Gr+, why would they have beta lactamases. Bacteroides synthesize beta lactamases
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What can Bacteroides cause in the colon?
Polymicrobial intraabdominal abscesses, peritonitis
-
Do bacteroides have capsule?
Yes. Their capsule can stimulate abscess formation and can turn them on or off to avoid immune system
-
Which microbe is the bridging bacterium in plaque?
Fusobacterium
-
Which microbe is the most common anaerobe in advanced periodontal disease?
Fusobacterium
-
Bacteroides are Gr- _____ rod, Fusobacterium is Gr- ___ rod (morphology)
-
Which microbe has characteristic “molar tooth colonies”?
Actinomyces isarelii
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Is Actinomyces acid fast?
Nope, they are non-acid fast
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What is characteristic of the actinomycosis pus?
Sulfur appearance granules (does NOT contain sulfur)
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What are the three common forms actinomycosis?
- Cervicofascial
- Thoracic
- Abdominal
-
How is actinomyces introduced to cause cerviofascial actinomycosis?
Through trauma, introduced into mucosa
-
True/false: Candida albican is dimorphic, germ tube positive and azole resistant
False; it is dimorphic and germ tube positive but sensitive to azole
-
In dehydrated state, does the bacterial content in the saliva increase or decrease?
increase
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Are thre more aerobes or anaerobes in the mouth and where do they live in the mouth?
more anaerobes and they are in the gingival crevices
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Gingival crevice has more anaerobe than aerobes, just like which other anatomical site?
- colon
- 1000:1 anaerobe to aerobe ratio
-
True/false: tooth surface and saliva have approximately the same anaerobe to aerobe ratio
True, 1:1 ratio
-
True/false: most bacterial causes of periodontal disease are acquired bacteria from the environment
False; they are usually normal microbiota anaerobes
-
What type of bacteria (Gr+ / Gr-) are involved in gingivitis?
Gr- AND Gr+ anaerobes
-
What are common causative agents for periodontal abscess?
- Gr- rods
- Streo viridans
- Anaerobic streptococci
-
What are common causative agents for Ludwig angina?
- Streptococcus
- Bateroides
- Fusobacterium
-
What are common causative agents for osteomyelitis of the jaw?
- Gr – rods
- Anaerobic streptococci
- Actinomyces israelii
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What is Ludwig angina?
Progressive cellulitis, infection of soft tissues surrounding the oral cavity and can cause death due to asphyxiation
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What are common clinical presentations of oropharyngeal Candida albicans?
- Pseudomembranous white plaques
- Erythematous
- Angular chelitis – painful fissuring at corners of mouth
-
True/false: candida albicans can cause esophagitis
True
-
What is the progression of dental caries?
Attachment, Dextran production, Acid production, Proteolysis, maturation
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Which microbe has drainage fluid that resemble grain of sulfur?
Actinomyces
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