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What factors increase the risk of malnutrition?
- Dementia
- Depression
- Chronic alcoholism
- Excessive dieting
- Swallowing disorders
- Corticosteroids and oral antibiotics
- Dialysis, diarrhea, or wounds
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What is marasmus, S/Sx, population affected, and treatment?
- peeling and alternately pigmented skin, prominent bones, decreased subcutaneous fat
- affects infants and young children because of a lack of nutritional elements in the diet
- treated with additional doses of vitamin B and a nutritious diet
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What is kwashiorkor, S/Sx, population affected and treatment?
- distended stomach, burns on the skin and diarrhea, itchy rash, xerosis, poor wound healing
- affects children who are weaned and therefore a bit older and who do not receive enough protein in the diet
- treated by adding more protein in their diet
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Energy usage process
- Initially, body uses carbs for energy
- Next, skeletal muscles used
- Then, fat used for energy
- Last source of energy comes from breakdown of visceral proteins
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