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_____-_____ reactions are highly specific reactions in which the antigen binding site of an antibody binds to one antigenic determinant= ?
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Antigen-antibody reactions include: 7
- 1. precipitation
- 2. agglutination
- 3. neutralization of viruses and toxins
- 4. immobilization of bacteria
- 5. complement fixation
- 6. antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
- 7. opsonization.
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______ is the discipline that studies antigen-antibody reactions using serum and in vitro diagnostic tools.
Serology
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The use of gel immunodiffusion to study ______, a type of antibody-antigen reaction that occurs between _____ _____ and their respective _____ _____.
- precipitation
- soluble antigens
- specific antibody
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(antibody in the serum)
Antiserum
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both solutions diffuse out of the well
double diffusion
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If the serum has a specific antibody that recognizes the soluble antigen, then a ____ ____ ____ will form.
white precipitin line
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The _____ _____ _____ are from HIV virus,Borrelia burgdorferi (the bacterial agent of Lyme disease), and H1N1 influenza virus.
simulated soluble antigens
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When antigenic determinants (which are part of the microbial cell) combine with specific antibodies, visible clumps (aggregates) are produced. This process is called _______
agglutination
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The clumps represent ____ ____ of antigens with various antibodies.
cross linking
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To enhance the observation of clumps in an agglutination reaction,_____ ____ are often used. These beads have specific antibodies _____ to the latex particles.
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It is also always necessary to use a _____ and _____ control to verify that the results obtained are not false positive or false negative.
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____ _______ can be used for a rapid, specific,and definitive identification of this pathogen.
Slide agglutination
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- Positive control
- Negative Control
- Unknown Sample
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- a. Latex bead w/specific anibodies adsorbed
- b. specific antibody stuck on bead
- c. Bacterium w/antigenic determinants
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