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acoustic windows ( sonographic window)
the optimal location on the body for placement of the ultrasound transducer to demonstrate both normal anatomy and pathology.
the best image acquired by manipulating and placing the ultrasound transducer in the most favorable position
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American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography
an organization that offers national certification exams for all sonography specialties
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American Registry of Radiologic Technologist
an organization that offers national certification exams for radiographers and some sonography specialties
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anxiety
the general state of feeling worry and fear before confronting something emotionally or physically challenging
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arthrography
an x-ray procedure that utilizes contrast agent to examine a joint, such as the shoulder , knee, or hip
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assumptions
reasoning based on guesses or opinion
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audible sound
sound range that can be detected by the human ear
between 2 and 20,000 Hz
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brain dumping
a test preparation technique in which a large amount of information is memorized by a test taker and when the test commences the test taker "dumps" the information on a scrap piece of paper or the test
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cardiolite
a pharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine imaging to examine the blood flow of the heart
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cardiologist
a physician who diagnoses and treats cardiac and blood vessels disorders
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cardiovascular interventional technologist
a specialized radiographer that assists physicians in the treatment and diagnosis of cardiac and blood vessel disorders under fluoroscopy
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clinical competencis
unassisted sonographic examinations which are graded to determine fundamental proficiency
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clinical findings
the information gathered by obtaining a clinical history
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clinical history
includes signs and symptoms , pertinent illnesses , past surgeries, laboratory findings , and the results of other diagnostic testing of a patient
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clinical journal
a book used by students for personal and professional reflection
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computed tomography CT or CAT scan
an imaging modality that uses x-ray to obtain cross-sectional images of the body in multiple planes, also referred to as CT or CAT scan
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contrast agent
a substance that is either ingested or injected into the body to enhance the visualization of specific anatomy, disease contrast agents may also be used to treat disease also referred to as a contrast medium
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coupling gel
a medium placed on the skin to allow ultrasound waves to enter the body also referred to as ultrasound gel
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critical thinking skills
resourceful actions, judgments, and decisions based on the combination of professional knowledge, experience, integrity and ethical standards
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cross-training
when radiographers or other imaging specialists are training to perform another imaging modality in the clinical setting without specific classroom training
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CT technologist
typically a registered radiographer who has undergone specific classroom and clinical training to perform computed tomography examinations
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Diagnostic mammogram
a targeted mammogram, typically performed after a screening mammogram to further analyze the characteristics of a breast lesion
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diagnostician
an interpreting physician who provides a diagnosis
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differential diagnosis
a diagnostic method used to create a short list of possible diseases based on signs and symptoms
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fight-or-flight response
the body's physiologic reaction to a real or imagined threat that arises from situations that cause fear or anger
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fluoroscopy
an x-ray procedure that allows direct or real time imaging of structures within the body
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Gadolinium
a contrast agent used in MRI
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gold standard
the leading tool to diagnose certain diseases; for example , mammography is a gold standard for breast imaging and sonography is the gold standard for gallbladder disease
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heart catheterization
a fluoroscopic procedure that involves the passing of catheter into the right or left side of the heart typically from the groin or arm in order to evaluate and treat disorders related to the blood flow of the heart
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Hippocratic Oath
a pledge observed by physicians and occasionally other healthcare professionals containing some basic guidelines for ethical standards and conduct between the healthcare provider and the patient
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indication
a basis for an examination; a valid reason to perform a certain test
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inference
reasoning that is based on gained factual knowledge using critical thinking
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infrasound
the sound range below the normal hearing range of humans
less than 2 Hz
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International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition ( ICD9) code
a healthcare classification system that provides a system of diagnostic codes for classifying disease
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interventional radiology
a branch of radiology that uses various imaging modalities to treat or further characterize disease by means of biopsy or minimally invasive procedures
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invasive procedures
procedures that include an imaging modality to treat disease; typically involves the use of catheters, needles, and surgical asepsis techniques (sterile techniques )
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investigative imaging
technique used by sonographers by which they obtain sonographic protocol images while simultaneously searching for and identifying abnormalities
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Magnetic resonance angiogram
MRI technique used to visualize blood vessels
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Magnetic resonance imaging
imaging modality that utilizes magnetic waves to obtain images of the human body in various planes
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mammography
breast imaging technique that utilize x-rays
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maternal-fetal medicine specialist
a physician who has specialized training that focuses on the medial and surgical management of high-risk pregnancies
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megahertz
1 million hertz
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mnemonics
memorization technique; an acronym is an example of an mnemonic an abbreviation is formed from the initial components in a phrase or a word in order to aid in quick recall
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MRI technologist
imaging specialist trained in magnetic resonance imaging procedures
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myelography
an x-ray procedure that utilizes a contrast agent to identify abnormalities of the spinal cord
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nuclear medicine
imaging modality that employs the use of radioactive material for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases
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nuclear medicine technologist
imaging specialist trained in nuclear medicine procedures
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nurse practitioner
an advanced practice registered nurse who provides patient care and has the ability to order diagnostic tests under the supervision of a physician
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objective
something that is not influenced by personal feeling or opinion in regard to facts
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obstetrician
a physician trained in the care of pregnant patients
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pathology
a disease process; also could be referring to the profession of pathology, which is the precise study and diagnosis of by a pathologist
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physician assistant
a healthcare professional who practices medicine on a team under the supervision of a physician or surgeon and who has the ability to order diagnostic tests
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picture archiving and communication
medical imaging technology that allows for the storage of digital studies for quick access and easy storage
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positron emission tomography
a technique that utilizes both the radionuclide imaging principle of nuclear medicine and the imaging techniques of computed tomography
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protocol (sonographic)
an inclusive order of necessary images acquired during a sonographic examination
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pulse-echo technique
ultrasound waves are pulsed into the body by a transducer; the sonographic image is produced when the pulsed wave returns to the transducer
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radiograph
an x-ray image
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radiographer
an imaging professional trained to obtain x-ray images and assist the radiologist in x-ray procedures
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radiography
the imaging specialty that utilizes x-rays to obtain images of the body
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radiologist
a physician that interprets radiologic procedures and also uses imaging modalities to treat disease
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radiopharmaceutical
a nuclear medicine radioactive material that the patient inhales, ingests or is injected with for a nuclear medicine test that is capable of concentrating on specific organs or systems in order to evaluate organ function
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realtime imaging
instant viewing of internal structures
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scan (ultrasound)
to perform a sonographic examination
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scan lab
a practice room with ultrasound machines for students to use to gain scanning experience
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scintigraphy
a test in nuclear medicine in which the radiopharmaceutical is taken internally and the emitted radiation is captured by a gamma camera
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screening mammogram
the initial mammographic images of the breast
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signs
objective evidence of disease: high blood pressure, high blood sugar, the presence of blood in the urine
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society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
the national membership society for all specialties in sonography; offers membership benefits and helps set standards for the sonography profession
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sonographer report
typically a written or typed document that provides basic descriptive information of the sonographic examination, including measurements of normal and abnormal structures, the sonographic appearance of organs and structures, and the manifestation of any sonographically identifiable abnormalities noted during the examination
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sonographic findings
information gathered by performing the sonographic examination
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Sonography phantom
a simulation object that provides tissue similar to the human body that can be used to practice sonographic examination
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stress
the body's typical reaction to challenging situations that are perceived as demands on time, energy, or resources with the threat that not enough time, energy, or resources exist to fulfill an obligation
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stressors
individual events or perceived challenges placed upon time, energy, or resources that increase stress
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subjective
something that is potentially influenced by personal feeling or opinion in regard to facts
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surgical asepsis
the absence of viable pathogenic organisms; also referred to as sterile technique
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symptoms
any subjective indication of disease, like nausea, weakness, or numbness
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transducer
an instrument that emits ultrasound waves that is used by the sonographer to acquire sonographic images
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ultrasound
the sound range above the normal hearing ranges of humans
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vascular interventional radiographers
radiographers specialized in vascular intervention
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work ethic
effort consisting of perseverance and diligence
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ALARA
as low as reasonable achievable
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who created x-ray
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen November.8,1895 on his wife's hand
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infrasound
less than 2 Hz
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audible sound
between 2 and 20,000 Hz
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ultrasound
greater than 20,000 Hz
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diagnostic ultrasound
between 2 MHz and 15 MHz
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