Alteration of a muscle length surrounding a joint.
Overweight
A person with a body mass index of 25 to 29.9, or who is 25 to 30 pounds over the recommended weight for their height
Blood lipids
Cholesterol and triglycerides, carried in the bloodstream by protein molecules known as high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL).
Diabetes mellitus
Chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fats and proteins.
Deconditioned
A state of lost physical fitness which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.
Proprioception
The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement.
Proprioceptively enriched environment
An unstable (yet controllable) physical situation in which exercises are performed that cause the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms.
Phases of training
Smaller division of training progressions that fall within the building blocks of training
Neuromuscular efficiency
The ability of the neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion.
Prime mover
The musclethat acts as the initial and main source of motive power
Superset
Set of two exercises that are performed back to back without any rest time between them
Rate of force production
Ability of muscles to exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time
General adaption syndrome
A term used to describe how the body responds and adapts to stress
Principle of specificity
Principle that states the body will adapt to the specific demands that are placed on it; a.k.a.the specific adaptations to imposed demands (SAID) principle.
Mechanical specificity
Refers to the weight and movements placed on the body
Neuromuscular specificity
Refers to the speed of contraction and exercise selection
Muscular endurance
The ability to produce and maintain force production for prolonged periods of time.
Muscular hypertrophy
Enlargement of skeletal muscle fibers in response to overcoming force from high volumes of tension.
Strength
The ability of the neuromuscular system to produce internal tension to overcome an external load
Power
Ability of the neuromuscular system to produce the greatest force in the shortest time.
Vertical loading
Alternating body parts trained from set to set, starting from the upper extremity and moving to the lower extremity
Horizontal loading
Performing all sets of an exercise or body part before moving on to the next exercises or body part.
Alarm reaction
The initial reaction to a stressor.
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
Pain or discomfort often felt 24 to 72 hours after intense exercise or unaccustomed physical activity.
Resistance development
The body increases its functional capacity to adapt to a stressor.
Exhaustion
Prolonged stress or stress that is intolerable and will produce exhaustion or distress to the system.
Periodization
Division of a training program into smaller, progressive stages.