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Joint receptors : location, sensitivity and primary distribution of free nerve endings
Location : joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, fat pads
Sensitivity: one type sensitive to non-noxious mechanical stress; second type is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biochemical stimuli
Primary distribution: all joints
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Joint receptors : location, sensitivity and primary distribution of Pacinian Corpuscules
Location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
Sensitivity: high frequency vibration, acceleration and high velocity changes in joint position
Primary distribution: all joints
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Joint receptors : location, sensitivity and primary distribution of Golgi ligament endings
Location:ligaments, adjacent to ligaments' bony attachment
Sensitivity: tension or stretch on ligaments
Primary distribution: majority of joints
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Joint receptors : location, sensitivity and primary distribution of Ruffini endings
Location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
Sensitivity: stretching of joint capsule; amplitude and velocity of joint position
Primary distribution: greater density in proximal joint, particularly in capsular regions
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Joint receptors : location, sensitivity and primary distribution of Golgi Mazzoni corpuscles
Location: joint capsule
Sensitivity: compression of joint capsule
Primary distribution: knee joint, joint capsule
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What muscles depress the TMJ?
- - Lateral pterygoid
- - Suprahyoid
- - Infrahyoid
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What muscles elevate the TMJ?
- - Temporalis
- - Masseter
- - Medial pterygoid
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What muscles makes the protrusion of the TMJ?
- - Masseter
- - Lateral pterygoid
- - Medial pterygoid
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What muscles makes the retrusion of the TMJ?
- - Temporalis
- - Masseter
- - Digasrtic
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What muscles makes the TMJ move side-to-side?
- Medial pterygoid
- Lateral pterygoid
- Messeter
- Temporalis
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What muscles do the flexion of the cervical spine?
- SCM
- Longus colli
- Scaleneus muscles
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What muscles do the extension of the cervical spine?
- Splenius cervicis
- Semispinalis cervicis
- Iliocostalis cervicis
- Longissimus cervicis
- Multifidus
- Trapezius
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What muscles do the rotation and lateral bending of the cervical spine?
- SCM
- Scalenus muscles
- Splenius cervicis
- Longissimus cervicis
- Iliocostalis cervicis
- Levator scapulae
- Multifidus
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What muscles do the flexion of the thoracic/lumbar spine?
- Rectus abdominis
- Internal oblique
- External oblique
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What muscles do the extension of the thoracic/lumbar spine?
- Erector spinae
- Quadratus lumborum
- Multifidus
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What muscles do the rotation and lateral bending of the thoracic/lumbar spine?
- Psoas major
- Quadratus lumborum
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Multifidus
- Longissimus thoracis
- Iliocostalis thoracis
- Rotatores
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What muscles do the elevation of the scapula?
- Upper trapezius
- Levator scapulae
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What muscles do the depression of the scapula?
- Lattissimus dorsi
- Pectoralis major
- Pectoralis minor
- Lower trapezius
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What muscles do the protraction of the scapula?
- Serratus anterior
- Pectoralis minor
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What muscles do the retraction of the scapula?
- Trapezius (middle)
- Rhomboids
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What muscles do the upward rotation (ER) of the scapula?
- Trapezius (upper, lower)
- Serratus anterior
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What muscles do the downward rotation (IR) of the scapula?
- Rhomboids
- Levator scapulae
- Pectoralis minor
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What muscles do the flexion of the shoulder?
- Anterior deltoid
- Coracobrachialis
- Pectoralis major (clavicular head)
- Biceps brachii
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What muscles do the extension of the shoulder?
- Lattissimus dorsi
- Posterior deltoid
- Teres major
- Triceps brachii (long head)
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What muscles do the ABD of the shoulder?
- Middle deltoid
- Supraspinatus
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What muscles do the ADD of the shoulder?
- Pectoralis major
- Lattissimus dorsi
- Teres major
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What muscles do the horizontal ABD of the shoulder?
- Deltoid (posterior)
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
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What muscles do the horizontal ADD of the shoulder?
- Deltoid (anterior)
- Pectoralis major
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What muscles do the lateral rotation of the shoulder?
- Teres minor
- Infraspinatus
- Deltoid (posterior)
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What muscles do the medial rotation of the shoulder?
- Subscapularis
- Teres major
- Pectoralis major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Deltoide (anterior)
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What muscles do the flexion of the elbow?
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
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What muscles do the extension of the elbow?
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What muscles do the pronation (proximal)?
- Pronator teres
- Pronator quadratus
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What muscles do the supination (proximal)?
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What muscles do the flexion of the wrist?
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Palmaris longus
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What muscles do the extension of the wrist?
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
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What muscles do the radial deviation of the wrist?
- Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Extensor pollicis longus & brevis
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What muscles do the ulnar deviation of the wrist?
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
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What muscles do the flexion of the finger joints?
- Flexor digitorium profondus & superficiallis
- Flexor digiti minimi
- Interossei
- Lumbricals
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What muscles do the extension of the finger joints?
- Extensor digitorium communis
- Entensor indicis (2nd finger)
- Extensor digiti minimi
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What muscles do the ABD of the MCP?
- Dorsal interossei
- ABD digiti minimi
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What muscles do the ADD of the MCP?
Palmar interossei
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What muscles do the flexion of the thumb joint?
- Flexor pollicis longus & brevis
- Opponens pollicis
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What muscles do the extension of the thumb joint?
- Extensor pollicis longus & brevis
- ABD pollicis longus
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What muscles do the ABD of the thumb joint?
Abductor pollicis longus & brevis
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What muscles do the ADD of the thumb joint?
Adductor pollicis
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What muscles do the opposition of the thumb and 5th digit?
- Opponens pollicis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- ABD pollicis brevis
- Opponens digiti minimi
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What muscles do the flexion of the hip joint?
- iliopsoas
- Sartorius
- Rectus femoris
- Pectineus
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What muscles do the extension of the hip joint?
- Gluteus maximus & medius
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Biceps femoris
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What muscles do the ABD of the hip joint?
- Gluteus medius & minimus
- Piriformis
- Obturator internus
- TFL
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What muscles do the ADD of the hip joint?
- Adductor magnus, longus, brevis
- Gracilis
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What muscles do the medial rotation of the hip joint?
- TFL
- Gluteus medius & minimus
- Pectineus
- ADD longus
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What muscles do the lateral rotation of the hip joint?
- Glutus maximus
- Obturator internus & externus
- Piriformis
- Gemelli
- Sartorius
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What muscles do the flexion of the knee joint?
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Sartorius
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What muscles do the extension of the knee joint?
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis, intermedius, medialis
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What muscles do the plantar flexion of the ankle joint?
- Tibialis posterior
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Peroneus longus & brevis
- Plantaris
- Flexors hallucis
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What muscles do the dorsiflexion of the ankle joint?
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Extensor digitorium longus
- Peroneus tertius
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What muscles do the inversion of the ankle joint?
- Tibialis posterior
- Tibialis anterior
- Flexor digitorium longus
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What muscles do the eversion of the ankle joint?
Peroneus longus, brevis, tertius
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What muscles do the flexion of the toe joints?
- Flexor digitorium longus & brevis
- Flexor hallucis longus & brevis
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis
- Quadratus plantae
- Lumbricals
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What muscles do the extension of the toe joints?
- Extensor digitorium longus & brevis
- Extensor hallucis longus & brevis
- Lumbricals
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What muscles do the ABD of the toe joints?
- Abductor hallucis
- Abductoe digit minimi
- Dorsal interossei
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What muscles do the ADD of the toe joints?
- Adductor hallucis
- Plantar interossei
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Glenohumeral joint
Describe the osteokinematic motion, loose and closed pack position and capsular pattern
Osteokinematic motion: flexion, extension, ABD, ADD, LR, MR
Loose packed position: 55˚ ABD, 30˚ horizontal ADD
Close packed position : ABD and LR
Capsular pattern : LR, ABD, MR
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Sternoclavicular joint
Describe the osteokinematic motion, loose and close pack position and capsular pattern
Osteokinematic motion: elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, MR, LR
Loose packed position: arm resting by side
Close packed position : max shoulder elevation
Capsular pattern : pain at extreme ROM
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Acromioclavicular joint
Describe the osteokinematic motion, loose and close pack position and capsular pattern
Osteokinematic motion: anterior/posterior tilting, UP/DOWNward rotation, protraction, retraction
Loose packed position: arm resting by side
Close packed position : arm ABDed to 90˚
Capsular pattern : pain at extreme ROM
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Radiohumeral joint
Describe the osteokinematic motion, loose and close pack position and capsular pattern
Osteokinematic motion: flexion, extension, pronation, supination
Loose packed position: full extension, supination
Close packed position : 90˚ flexion, 5˚ supination
Capsular pattern : flexion, extension, supination, pronation
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Ulnohumeral joint
Describe the osteokinematic motion, loose and close pack position and capsular pattern
Osteokinematic motion: flexion, extension
Loose packed position: 70˚ elbow flexion, 10˚ supination
Close packed position : extension
Capsular pattern : flexion, extension
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Proximal radioulnar joint
Describe the osteokinematic motion, loose and close pack position and capsular pattern
Osteokinematic motion: pronation, supination
Loose packed position: 70˚ elbow flexion, 35˚ supination
Close packed position : 5˚ supination
Capsular pattern : supination, pronation
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Radiocarpal joint
Describe the osteokinematic motion, loose and close pack position and capsular pattern
Osteokinematic motion: flexion, extension, radial/ulnar deviation
Loose packed position: neutral with slight ulnar deviation
Close packed position : extension with radial deviation
Capsular pattern : flexion and extension equally limited
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