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- Plate 1 no antibiotics
- Plate 2 II & M have resistance
- Plate 3 I & M have resistance
- Plate 4 M has resistance
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Coliform bacteria are members of the __________family.
Enterobacteriaceae
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Coliform bacteria
- facultative anaerobic,
- gram negative rods,
- produce acid and gas from the fermentation of lactose
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presence of ______indicates the presence of ____ _____ and the possible presence of pathogens
- coliforms
- fecal contamination
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_______and ________media typically select for the growth of gram negative bacteria, inhibiting most gram positive bacteria, and differentiate lactose fermenters (coliforms) from those gram negatives that do not ferment lactose (non-coliforms).
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_____ ____ ____contains dyes eosin Y and methylene blue which inhibit gram positive bacteria.
Eosin Methylene Blue EMB
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E. coli produces a striking metallic _____sheen due to the excessive _____ production from ____ _____.
- green
- acid
- lactose fermentation
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Other coliforms produce less acid and turn the medium ___ to dark ____.
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___-______are non- pigmented or the color of the medium.
Non-fermenters
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____ ____ _____aims at differentiating Salmonella and Shigella from other enterics.
Hektoen/Enteric Agar HEA
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___ ___ inhibit the growth of most gram positive bacteria
BILE SALTS
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Enterics fermenting any of the three available sugars such as E. coli are typically ____ ____ and non-fermenters, such as Shigella, are typically ___-___.
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HEA also has ____ ___ ____ which will react with any H2S produced to form a ____ ferrous sulfide
- ferric ammonium citrate
- black
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______ typically produces H2S and colonies will have some ____.
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___ ___is also used to differentiate Salmonella and Shigella from other enterics.
MacConkey Agar MCA
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MCA contains ___ ___ and crystal violet which ____ gram positives.
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The neutral red indictor dye turns lactose fermenters/COLIFORM ____ and the non-fermenters/NON-COLIFORM are ____.
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___ ____ _ ___is selective for gram negative organisms and contains a substrate and indicator dye that turns a blue/green color when the colony is expressing the enzyme β-D-galactosidase (GAL).
Rapid E.coli 2 Agar
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Rapid E.coli 2 Agar is selective for gram negative organisms and contains a substrate and indicator dye that turns a ___/___ color when the colony is expressing the enzyme _____.
- BLUE GREEN
- β-D-galactosidase (GAL).
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To help distinguish E.coli from other coliforms, Rapid E.coli 2 Agar contains a second enzyme detection system which turns the colony a ___/___ color if the bacteria are expressing the E. coli-specific enzyme _______ in addition to the GAL expressed by all coliforms
- purple/pink
- β-D-glucoronidase (GLU)
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On Rapid E.coli 2 Agar the non-coliform gram (-) bacteria will appear ___/___ on the agar. Whereas non-E.coli coliforms will be ___/___ and E.coli will be ___/___.
- clear/white
- blue/green
- purple/pink
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Gram positive cocci include opportunistic pathogens such as _____ _____(typically clusters in a Gram stain) and ____ ____(typically chains in a Gram stain).
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Enterococcus fecalis
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They are gram positive cocci, typically in clusters, and are catalase positive.
Staphyloccus
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____ is one enzyme used by aerobic and facultative bacteria that catalyzes this reaction as follows:
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The ____test is performed by placing a loopful of the bacterial colony into a drop of ____ ____ and watching for bubble formation.
- catalase
- hydrogen peroxide
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_____,which is microaerophilic, does not produce catalase.
Enterococcus
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S.aureus is?
- hemolytic
- ferments mannitol
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_ _____ may be normal flora of the vaginal tract and is associated with urinary tract infections.
S. saprophyticus
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____ ____ is a common member of skin flora but may be associated with hospital acquired blood stream infections
Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Staphylococcus epidermidis
- non-hemolytic on blood
- halotolerant,
- does not ferment mannitol,
- coagulase negative.
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Mannitol Salt Agar plate colors (MSA)
- Yellow is += acid formation,
- pink is - = no acid formation.
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Blood Agar tests for?
hemolysis
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top tube produces coagulase and the serum becomes a gel. The bottom tube is negative for coagulase production and remains watery.
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