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What is communication?
The process of exchanging information and meaning between or among individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, and behavior.
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What is the achievement or task purpose?
To serve on a decision-making or problem-solving group. To get the job done.
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What is the maintenance or social purpose?
Feel better about yourself and each other. To develop group morale.
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Define encoding.
The process of selecting and organizing the message.
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What are 4 factors that influence encoding?
Receiver's education level. Experience. Viewpoints. Power status/ relationship to sender
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Define decoding
The process of interpreting the message.
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Define feedback.
Response to a message. Verbal or nonverbal.
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List some sources of noise.
Contradicting nonverbal signals. Differences in education & culture. Words not present in receiver's vocabulary. Ambiguous, nonspecific ideas. Distractions. Noisy environment. Receiver unreceptive to new ideas. Receiver pre-judges topic. Complications cause by the communication channel.
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List advantages of two way, face to face.
Instant feedback, nonverbal signals, personal connection. Best channel for conveying sensitive or unpleasant news.
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List examples of two way, NOT face to face
telephone, conversation, online chats, instant messaging, texting
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List advantages of two way, NOT face to face
Instant feedback, real-time conversation
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What is a disadvantage of two way, NOT face to face?
Lacks nonverbal elements, so verbal messages must be especially clear.
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What is an advantage of one way, NOT face to face?
Message considered more permanent and official
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What are some disadvantages of one way, NOT face to face?
Lacks both nonverbal elements and instant feedback. Confusion must be anticipated and prevented.
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Define intrapersonal communication.
Communicating with yourself. NOT considered true communication.
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Define interpersonal communication.
Communication between two people. Goals: accomplish task, maintenance function.
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Define group communication.
Communication among 2 or more people. Goals: achieving output greater than individual efforts could produce
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Define organizational communication.
Groups working together to achieve large tasks.
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Define public communication.
The organization communicating externally to its constituents. Advertising, corporate website.
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Define formal channels.
Rules procedure. Created by management to control individual and group behavior
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Define informal channels.
Emerge as people interact within a formal system to create a satisfying environment.
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List advantages of workplace gossip.
Helps build office friendships. Forms a sense of connection in work teams. Helps new hires learn about the corporate culture.
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List disadvantages of workplace gossip.
Lawsuits. Career damage. Productivity drain
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List 7 barriers to intercultural communication.
- Ethnocentrisim.
- Stereotypes.
- Interpretation of time.
- Personal space requirements.
- Body language.
- Translation limitations.
- Lack of language training.
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List Hofstede's 5 cultural dimensions.
- individualism v. collectivism
- Power distance
- Masculinity v femininity
- Uncertainty avoidance
- Long term v short term orientation
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Define power distance
The extent to which people expect and accept that power is unequally distributed within a country or organizaiton
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Define uncertainty avoidance.
How comfortable people are facing risk and uncertainty.
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List 3 impacts of technology
Collect and organize data better. Craft clearer and more effective messages. Overcome distance issues.
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