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What are the (3) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens on the cell wall of enterobacteriaceae
- O polysachharide/ O antigen
- core polysaccharide
- lipid a
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what is significance of O Polysaccharide/ O antigen. What bacteria is it found in
differs between strains of same species of enterobacteriaceae
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what is the significance of core polysaccharide
distinct in enterobacteriaceae
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what is the significance of lipid A
endotoxin activity. strong immune response
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what are the serologic and epidemiologic classification of enterobacteriaceae
- somatic O polysaccharide
- K antigen
- H protein
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what is somatic O polysaccharide
present in every genus and species of enterobacteriaceae
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what is K antigen
- found in capsules of enterobacteriaceae.
- not commonly used for strain typing
- may interfere with detection of O antigens
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what is H protein
heat labile proteins in bacterial flagella of certain enterobacteriaceae
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what are the pathogenesis of enterobacteriaceae
- endotoxin (lipid A of LPS)
- capsule
- antigenic phase variation
- Type III secretion system (T3SS)
- antimicrobial resistance
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what is type III secretion system (T3SS)
protein complex that acts as a syringe to secrete virulence factors to host cells.
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what immune response does enterobacteriaceae endotoxin cause?
- fever
- vasodilation and capillary leakage
- inflammatory response
- septic shock
- DIC
- death
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yersinia pestis causes what type of pathogen
plague, a systemic disease
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yersinia enterocolitca causes what type of pathogen
enterocolitis, a gastrointestinal disease
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yersinia pseudotuberculosis causes what type of disease
- pseudotuberculosis in animals
- enterocolitis in humans
- rare scarlatinoid fever
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what type of protein complex does yersinia have that help them escape phagocytic killing
Type III secretion system (T3SS)
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what is the name of the virulence plasmid that encodes for yersinia T3SS
Yop plasmid (yersinia outer proteins)
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what are the types of proteins secreted by yersinia t3SS
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what does Yop H do
disrupts host proteins required for phagocytosis
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what does Yop E do
activates cell death pathway by disrupting actin filaments
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what does Yop J/ Yop P do
initiate apoptosis (cell death) in MQ and suppress cytokine production
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what are the virulence factors of Y. pestis (2)
- fraction 1(F1): anti-phagocytic protein capsule
- plasminogen activator protease (Pla): prevents opsonization, phagocyte migration, and degrades fibrin clots to facilitate bacterial spreading
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what are the types of plague caused by Y. pestis (4)
- urban plague: spread by rat fleas
- sylvatic plague: spread by squirrels, groundhogs (wild animals)
- bubonic plague: infection of lymph node in humans, no direct human to human spread of organism
- pneumonic plague: person to person through aerosols
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Y. pestis is aquired from
zoonotic
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Y. enterocolitica is acquired from and causes
- contaminated food exposed to livestock, rodents
- enterocolitis: watery diarrhea
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y. pseudotuberculosis is acquired by
- contaminated foods from rodents, wild animals, game birds
- rarely causes disease in humans but can cause enterocolitis symptoms similar to y. enterocolitica
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what agar selects Y.enterocolitica
CIN agar (cefsuldodin irgansan novobiocin)
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what kind of colonies do yersinia typically produce on CIN agar?
bull's eye appearance with red center due to fermentation of mannitol
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what are the enteric bacteria tests for yersinia
- KLUMCI
- API strip
- serotyping
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what are the specimens where yersinia can be collected from
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