-
What medications decrease cardiac output?
- Beta blockers
- Ca+ channel blockers
- Antiarrythmics
- Anesthetics
- Propofol
- Chemo agents
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What medications increase cardiac output?
- Inotropes
- Dobutamine
- Dopamine
- Milrinone
- Digoxin
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What drugs reduce oxygen demand by reducing preload?
- Diuretics
- NTG
- ACE-I
- ARBs
- SARAs
- Natrecor
- Morphine
- Aldosterone blockers
-
What drugs reduce oxygen demand by reducing afterload?
- Ca+ Channel blockers
- ACEI
- ARBs
- Arterial dilators
-
What drugs reduce oxygen demand by reducing contractility?
- Beta blockers
- Ca+ Channel Blockers
-
What drugs increase oxygen supply by increasing blood flow?
- NTG
- Ca+ Channel Blockers
- ASA
- Platelet inhibitors
- Anticoagulants
- Angiomax
-
What are the drug categories for hypertension?
- Diuretics
- Adrenergic inhibitors
- Vasodilators
- Angiotensin inhibitors
- Calcium channel blockers
-
Where do the osmotic diuretics act on the kidney nephron?
- Descending limb of the loop of Henle
- Proximal convoluted tubule
-
Where do the loop diuretics act on the kidney nephron?
Loop of Henle
-
Where do the thiazides act on the kidney nephron?
Distal convoluted tubule
-
Where do the potassium-sparing diuretics act on the kidney nephron?
Distal convoluted tubule
-
What are the sympatholytic drugs?
- Beta-adrenergic blockers
- Centrally acting alpha2 agonists
- Alpha-adrenergic blockers
-
What beta-adrenergic blockers are nonselective?
- Propranolol (Inderal)
- Carvedilol (Coreg)
-
What beta-adrenergic blockers are selective?
- Acebutolol (Sectral)
- Atenolol (Tenormin)
- Betaxolol (Kerlone)
- Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
- Metoprolol (Lopressor)
-
When are noncardioselective beta clockers contraindicated?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
-
When are cardioselective beta blockers contraindicated?
Patients with diabetes mellitus when taking beta blockers
-
What are the side effects of beta blockers?
- Marked decrease in BP
- Insomnia
- Depression
- Nightmares
- Sexual dysfunction
-
What are the centrally acting alpha2 agonists?
- Methyldopa
- Clonidine
- Guanabenz
- Guanfacine
-
When are centrally acting alpha2 agonists contraindicated?
Impaired liver function
-
What are the side effects of centrally acting alpha2 agonists?
- Sodium and water retention
- Dry mouth
- Bradycardia
-
What drugs are frequently prescribed with centrally acting alpha2 agonists to prevent fluid retention?
Diuretics
-
What is the action of alpha-adrenergic blockers?
They block alpha-adrenergic receptors, resulting in vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.
-
What drugs are alpha-adrenergic blockers?
- Doxazosin (Cardura)
- Prazosin HCl (Minipress)
- Terazosin HCl (Hytrin)
-
What are the side effects of alpha-adrenergic blockers?
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Nausea
- Headache
- Drowsiness
- Nasal congestion caused by vasodilation
- Edema
- Weight gain
-
What are the direct-acting arteriolar vasodilators?
- Hydralazine (Apresoline)
- Minoxidil
- Nitroglycerine
- Fenoldopam (Corlopam)
-
What is the action of the direct-acting arteriolar vasodilators?
They relax smooth muscles of the blood vessels, mainly the arteries, causing vasodilation
-
What are the side effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?
- Irritating cough
- Insomnia
- Hyperkalemia
- Tachycardia
-
When are ACE inhibitors contraindicated?
- Pregnancy
- With potassium-sparing diuretics
- With salt substitutes that contain potassium
-
What is the action of sympatholytic drugs?
They block sympathetic adrenergic receptors, reducing sympathetic effect on the heart, causing vasodilation, decreasing blood pressure.
-
What is the action of the ACE inhibitors?
Block the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor, causing vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.
-
What is the action of the angiotensin II receptor blockers?
Blocks the effects of angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor, causing vasodilation and decreased BP.
-
What drugs end in -tan?
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
-
What is the action of the calcium channel blockers?
Blocks the transport of calcium into smooth muscle, reducing contraction and thus reducing vasoconstriction, causing vasodilation and reduced BP.
-
What are the side effects of calcium channel blockers?
- Flush
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Peripheral edema
- Bradycardia
- AV block
-
What is the drug management for chronic stable angina?
- Short acting SL NTG
- Long acting NTG oitment and controlled-release transdermal patch
- B-adrenergic blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- ACE inhibitors
-
What drugs are usually used to treat CAD?
- B-Blockers
- Ca+ Channel Blockers
- Nitrates
- Antiplatelet Agents
- Anti-Coagulation Agents
- Antithrombotics
- Morphine
- Oxygen
- ACE inhibitors
- Cholesterol lowering drugs
- Niacin (Vitamin B)
- Fibric acid derivatives
- Bile acid sequestrants
-
What antiplatelet agents are used to treat CAD?
- ASA
- Plavix
- GBIIb/IIIa inhibitors
-
What anti-coagulation agents are used to treat CAD?
- Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
- Coumadin
-
What type of drug is TPA?
Antithrombotic
-
What is the antidote for a heparin overdose?
Protamine sulfate
-
What is the antidote for a coumadin overdose?
Vitamin K
-
What type of drugs end in -statin?
Cholesterol lowering agents
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