Study questions Exam 1 A&P

Which of the following blood solutions would most likely create a fluid shift out of the blood vessels and into the interstitial tissue?
132 mOsm 
391mOsm         
254mOsm         
145mOsm

Which statement best describes the relationship between structure and function?
The two are not related to each other in any way.
Structure determines function.
The two are related only in certain organ systems.
The two are related only at the macroscopic level.

A phospholipid is usually
Partially hydrophilic
Partially hydrophobic
Completely hydrophobic
Completely hydrophilic
Partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic

With one exception, all of the following statements about water are correct. 

Which is the exception?
Heat capacity is high.
Water is a nonpolar molecule.
Water is important in many chemical reactions.
Hydrogen and oxygen are held together by polar covalent bonds.

When a disaccharide is formed from two subunits:
one molecule of water is released.
one molecule of water is added.
water is not involved.

Positively charged ions are called:
polar bodies.     
anions.    
isomers. 
cations.

What is the role of an effector in a negative feedback system?
Analyze the input information
Sense the initial change
Convey the message to the control center
Perform the response
Convey the message from the control center

An investigator who dissects an animal heart in order to determine the number
of chambers and valves is likely a/an:
pathologist.
physiologist.     
cytologist.         
biochemist.
anatomist.

Which of the following is a function of the endocrine system?
Transport of gases and nutrients
Fluid exchange between blood and extracellular fluid
Elimination of soluble waste materials
Regulation of varied physiologic processes
Production of blood cells

With one exception, each of the following is an example of a homeostatic

mechanism. Identify the exception.
Shivering when one is chilled.
Increased breathing rate during exercise.
Decrease in heart rate when physically active.
Constriction of blood vessels following blood loss.

An increase in blood pressure causes small arteries to dilate (expand).  This

 causes blood pressure to decrease.   This is an example of:
negative feedback.
a homeostatic mechanism.
positive feedback.
both A and B.
both B and C.

Complete hydrolysis of a disaccharide yields:
2 amino acids.
2 simple sugars.          
a polysaccharide.
many monosaccharides.
glycerol and fatty acid.

Which of the following can affect enzyme activity?
temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
All of the above can affect enzyme activity

Which of the following acts as the primary source of energy for cells?
Lipid 
Carbohydrate   
Protein   
Enzyme  
Nucleic acid

What chemical reaction plays a role in the formation of a disaccharide from two subunits?
dehydration synthesis
decomposition           
exchange reaction

A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is directly associated with:
the release of energy
the consumption of energy
a synthesis
forming a larger molecule
more than one of the above is correct

Your grandmother is not feeling will and goes to the ER.  Her test results indicate the following:
pH = 7.52        
PCO2 = 48 mm Hg         
HCO3 = 36 mEq/L



Such results indicate:
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis

Which organ system would compensate for the indicated problem you identified in question #17?
lungs b. kidneys

Acids:
give rise to OH groups
accept protons
are proton donors
must contain amino groups

When a .1 molar solution of NaCl and sucrose are separated by a membrane that only allows water to pass through, the NET movement of water will be:
toward the NaCl
toward the sucrose
neither, water will move equally in both directions

Which of the following solutions has the greatest osmolarity?
0.3 M NaCl
0.3 M sucrose
0.3 M MgCl2

Which of the following solutions is the most dilute? 
2.5 grams%                         
15mg%

What is the osmolarity of a 3.5 molar solution of NaCl?

Polar covalent bonds involve the:
transfer of electrons
equal sharing of electrons
unequal sharing of electrons
attraction of molecules

As sodium levels in the ECF rise, water will shift from ______ to the _____ to establish osmotic equilibrium.
ECF….ICF 
ICF…..ECF      
neither

The hydrolysis of glycogen would ___________ water.
produce          
utilize

As pH levels rise the production of carbonic acid would:
increase 
decrease           
remain unchanged

Which of the following is able to pass through a plasma membrane without undergoing hydrolysis
glycogen
maltose
lactose
fructose

If the pH of body fluids becomes more alkaline the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system will :
shift to the right generating more hydrogen ions
shift to the left generating more bicarbonate ions

When comparing the amount of carbonic acid produced by a resting cell verses that of an active cell:
the resting cell would produce the greater amount of carbonic acid.
the resting cell would produce less carbonic acid.