Cell Division

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What does mitosis produce?

2 diploid daughter cells
Define diploid.

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes.
What is interphase?
- Period before mitosis during which the cell is not dividing.
- DNA is replicated
What are the 4 stages of mitosis?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
What occurs in prophase?
- Chromosomes become visible
- Centrioles move to poles
- Spindle fibres form
- Nucleolus disappears
- Nuclear envelope breaks down
- Chromosomes drawn to equator
What occurs in metaphase?

Chromosomes arrange themselves across equator of cell
What occurs in anaphase?
- Centromeres divide into two
- Spindle fibres pull chromatids apart
- Chromatids move to poles, now chromosomes
- Energy provided by mitochondria
What occurs in telophase?
- Chromosomes disappear
- Spindle fibres disintegrate
- Nucleolus re-forms
- Nuclear envelope re-forms
- Cytoplasm divides by cytokinesis
What is the importance of mitosis?
- Growth - ensures new organism resembles parents by being genetically identical
- Repair - damaged cells
- Reproduction - asexual reproduction gives two new organisms
How does cell division take place in prokaryotic cells?
- Binary fission
- Circular DNA replicates and both copies attach to cell membrane
- Plasmids also replicate
- Cell membrane grows between the 2 DNA and pinches inwards, dividing cytoplasm into 2
- New cell wall forms, dividing original cell into 2 identical daughter cells
How do viruses replicate?
- Non-living so cannot undergo cell division
- Attach to host with attachment proteins
- Inject nucleic acid into host cell
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Author

PassYourAlevels

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Card Set

Cell Division

Description

Types of cell division, differences and importance.

Updated

2019-04-03T20:17:20Z

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