Urine Sedimentations: Crystals and Casts

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True/false: urine dipsticks detects albumin along with other micro proteins

False; urine dipsticks only detects albumin
Which values constitute as abnormal urine protein?

Greater than 150 mg/ day
What are urine sediments?

Microscopic observations of crystals, bacteria, cells or casts
Uric acid crystals are associated with which pathologies?
- Acidic urine
- Gout
Calcium oxalate crystals are associated with which pathologies?
- Acute kidney injury – antifreeze poisoning
- Kidney stones
Cystine crystals are associated with which pathology?

Cystine stones = usually in children
Magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals are associated with which pathology?

Struvite stones- bacterial (likely proteus) infections
Calcium stones are radio-______, while non-calcium stones are radio-________.
- Opaque
- Radiolucent
Which are calcium stones?
- Calcium oxalate/ phosphate
- Struvite
Which are non-calcium stones?
- Cystine
- Urate
Which stones will show on KUB?

Calcium stones because they are radio opaque
Uric acid stones are _____ stones and ___(can/cannot) be seen in KUB
- Non-calcium
- Cannot
Cystine stones are _____ stones and ___(can/cannot) be seen in KUB
- Non-calcium
- Cannot
Calcium oxalate stones are _____ stones and ___(can/cannot) be seen in KUB
- calcium
- can
struvite stones are _____ stones and ___(can/cannot) be seen in KUB
- calcium
- can
Calcium oxalate crystals have characteristic _____ shape pattern

X
Cystine stones have characteristic ____ shape

Hexagonal – stop sign
Which stone is often found in kids and what is the characteristic shape?
- Cystine
- Hexagonal shape
Urease bacterial infection would result in which stone?

struvite
Dysmorphic red blood cell urine sediment is associated with which pathology?

glomerular disease
What are urine casts?
- Urine sediment that takes shape and size of the renal tubule where they are formed
- Composed primarily of Tamm-horsfall mucoproteins
True/false: some casts can be found in normal individuals

True
Which casts are often seen with dehydration?

Hyaline casts
What is the composition of granular casts?

aggregation of proteins and degenerated cells
Granular casts generally signify what pathology?

acute renal failure
What are waxy casts?

Homogenous in appearance, last stage of degeneration of a granular cast
True/false: waxy casts usually indicates end-stage renal disease

True
RBC casts is indicative of _____hematuria

Glomerular
Fatty casts are associated with _______ syndrome

Nephrotic
Epithelial cell casts suggests ______.

Acute tubular necrosis
True/false: creatinine is secreted while inulin is not

True
True/false: Higher serum creatinine, higher GFR

False; high creatinine, low GFR

Author

lykthrnn

346241

Card Set

Urine Sedimentations: Crystals and Casts

Description

Renal Midterm- Clinical

Updated

2019-04-03T19:29:30Z

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