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BITING FLIES
Kingdom =
Animalia
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BITING FLIES
Phylum =
Arthropoda
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BITING FLIES
Class =
Insecta
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BITING FLIES
Order =
Diptera
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BITING FLIES
# of body segments
3
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BITING FLIES
Body segments =
1)
2)
3)
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BITING FLIES
# pairs of jointed legs
3
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BITING FLIES
# pair of antennae
1
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BITING FLIES
# pair of true wings
1
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BITING FLIES
have 2nd pair of wings has been reduced and are called _
halteres
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BITING FLIES
Defining characteristic of Diptera =
1 pair of true wings
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BITING FLIES
Name the different types of mouthparts
- Piercing sucking
- Piercing lapping
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MOSQUITOES
Family =
Culicidae
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MOSQUITOES
2 subfamilies =
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MOSQUITOES
have long and sharp =
proboscis
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MOSQUITOES
wings coated with =
scales
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MOSQUITOES
males have feathered =
antennae (plumose)
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MOSQUITOES
females have very long =
antennae
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MOSQUITOES
wings folded over _ at rest
abdomen
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MOSQUITOES
the _/_ and number of hairs on the thorax used to ID adults
prensence/absence
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MOSQUITOES
the presence/absence and _ of hairs on the thorax used to ID adults
number
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MOSQUITOES
the presence/absence and number of _ on the thorax used to ID adults
hairs
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MOSQUITOES
the presence/absence and number of hairs on the _ used to ID adults
thorax
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MOSQUITOES
the presence/absence and number of hairs on the thorax used to _ adults
ID
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MOSQUITOES
the presence/absence and number of hairs on the thorax used to ID _
adults
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MOSQUITOES
larvae and pupae must have _ to develop
water
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MOSQUITOES
approx #-16 day life cycle, but can be much longer
10
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MOSQUITOES
approx 10-# day life cycle, but can be much longer
16
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MOSQUITOES
_ morphology help in larval ID
siphon
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MOSQUITOES
siphon morphology help in _ ID
larval
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MOSQUITOES
anopheles larvae lack _
siphon
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MOSQUITOES - MATING
not _ , no parental care
social
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MOSQUITOES - MATING
not social, no _ care
parental
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MOSQUITOES - MATING
males detect the buzzing of female _ with antennae
wings
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MOSQUITOES - MATING
males detect the buzzing of female wings with _
antennae
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MOSQUITOES - MATING
females usually take a _ to provision eggs
blood meal
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MOSQUITOES - MATING
females usually take a blood meal to provision _
eggs
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MOSQUITOES - MATING
some species can produce eggs without _
blood
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MOSQUITOES - MATING
mating occurs less than # hours after emergence
48
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MOSQUITOES - MATING
mating can occur in a _ or even inside a structure
swarm
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MOSQUITOES MATING
this species' mating occurs inside a structure
Aedes _
albopictus
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MOSQUITOES - MATING
mosquitoes have incredibly _ _ _
high reproductive ability
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MOSQUITO - BREEDING SITES
typically breed in places that hold water permanently. Sub family =
Anophelinae or Culicinae
Anophelinae
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MOSQUITO - BREEDING SITES
typically breed in places that hold water temporarily. Sub family =
Anophelinae or Culicinae
Culicinae
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-
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MOSQUITO BEHAVIOR
females need _ to provision eggs
blood
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MOSQUITO BEHAVIOR
females need blood to provision _
eggs
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MOSQUITO BEHAVIOR
which are day feeders?
Aedes
Culex
Anopheles
Aedes
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MOSQUITO BEHAVIOR
which are night feeders?
Aedes
Culex
Anopheles
Culex and Anopheles
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MOSQUITO BEHAVIOR
average meal is #x unfed weight
2.5x
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MOSQUITO BEHAVIOR
prefer _ and/or vegetative places
shaded
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MOSQUITO BEHAVIOR
prefer shaded and/or _ places
vegetative
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MOSQUITO DISEASE TRANSMISSION
female mosquitoes can transmit disease through injection of infected _ while feeding
saliva
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Eggs - color - black
Aedes
Culex
Anopheles
Aedes
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Eggs - remain dormant until exposed to water and warm
temps.
Aedes
Culex
Anopheles
Aedes
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Eggs - often laid in soil just above water level or in artificial
containers
Aedes
Culex
Anopheles
Aedes
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MOSQUITOES - Aedes spp.
color of markings = _ and _
black and white
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MOSQUITOES - Aedes spp.
end of abdomen is shaped?
pointed/tapered
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MOSQUITOES - Aedes spp.
distribution - worldwide, well adapted to living near _
people
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Attracted to red, black, and blue
Aedes
Culex
Anopheles
Aedes
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Can vector yellow fever, dengue fever, various types of encephalitis:
Aedes
Culex
Anopheles
Aedes
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Yellow Fever Mosquito?
Aedes aegypti
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Aedes aegypti
# of stripes on thorax
2
-
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Aedes albopictus
has _ stripe on the thorax
longitudinal
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Eggs - laid singly (with lateral floats) on surface of water, in permanent or semi-permanent standing water.
Aedes
Culex
Anopheles
Anopheles
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Can vector malaria:
Aedes
Culex
Anopheles
Anopheles
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Only mosquito larvae to lay parallel to the surface of the water:
Aedes
Culex
Anopheles
Anopheles
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Adults - 1/8 inch length, dark brown, dark patches of scales on wings:
Aedes
Culex
Anopheles
Anopheles
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Northern house mosquito = Culex _
pipiens
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Southern house mosquito =
Culex _
quinquefasciatus
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Florida encephalitis mosquito =
Culex _
nigripalpus
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Western encephalitis mosquito =
Culex _
tarsalis
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MOSQUITOES
#-400 eggs laid in rafts
50-400
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MOSQUITOES
50-# eggs laid in rafts
400
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Mosquito
family =
culicidae
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DEER FLIES
family =
tabanidae
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Typically breed in places that hold water permanently:
Sub-family Anophelinae
Sub-family Culicinae
Sub-family Anophelinae
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Typically breed in places that hold water temporarily:
Sub-family Anophelinae
Sub-family Culicinae
Sub-family Culicinae
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DEER FLIES
order?
Diptera
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DEER FLIES family?
Culicidae
Tabanidae
Muscidae
Simuliidae
Ceratoponidae
Tabanidae
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DEER FLIES
genus?
Chrysops
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DEER FLIES
length = # inch
1/2 inch
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DEER FLIES
dark patches on _
wings
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DEER FLIES
males have _ eyes that touch
compound
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DEER FLIES
females have _ eyes
separated
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DEER FLIES
may mechanically transmit _ to humans
tularemia
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-
-
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DEER FLIES
females suck _
blood
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DEER FLIES
males consume _ _
botanical juices
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DEER FLIES life cycle
groups of 100 to # eggs are laid on foliage and rocks, over or near water
1000
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DEER FLIES life cycle
groups of # to 1000 eggs are laid on foliage and rocks, over or near water
100
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DEER FLIES life cycle
larvae can be terrestrial, aquatic, or in _
between
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DEER FLIES life cycle
_ consume organic matter in the soil
larvae
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DEER FLIES life cycle
larvae consume _ _ in the soil
organic matter
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DEER FLIES life cycle
larvae consume organic matter in the _
soil
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HORSE FLY
Order =
Diptera
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HORSE FLY
Family =
Culicidae
Tabanidae
Muscidae
Simuliidae
Ceratoponidae
Tabanidae
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HORSE FLY
Genus =
Tabanus
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HORSE FLY morphology
up to length inch?
3/4 inch *LARGE*
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Robust flies with prominent eyes and clear, patchless wings
Horse fly
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Some people develop fever and malaise after being bitten.
Species of fly?
Horse fly
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-
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HORSE FLY
diurnal or nocturnal
diurnal
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HORSE FLY
females suck _
blood
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HORSE FLY
males consume _ _
botanical juices
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HORSE FLY
groups of 100 to # are laid on foliage and rocks, over or near water
1000
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HORSE FLY
groups of # to 1000 are laid on foliage and rocks, over or near water
100
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Larvae prefer dry environments and consume insects, and other invertebrates
Species?
Horse fly
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BLACK FLIES
Order =
Diptera
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BLACK FLIES
Family =
Culicidae
Tabanidae
Muscidae
Simuliidae
Ceratoponidae
Simuliidae
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BLACK FLIES
number of species worldwide?
1800
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Very small = 1/25 inch to 1/5 inch
typically black
hump back appearance
Species?
Black fly
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nicknamed "buffalo gnats"
species?
Black fly
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Can cause significant blood loss, transmit filarial worms in Mexico, Central America, and Africa
species?
Black fly
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Females blood feed on humans and animals
species?
Black fly
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Highly attracted to dark blue
species?
Black fly
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Eggs are attached to rocks and vegetation in shallow, fast moving rivers, and streams.
Species?
Black fly
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Larvae attach themselves to an aquatic substrate.
Species?
Black fly
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BLACK FLY
pupation occurs under _
water
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BLACK FLY
egg to adult in # weeks
3
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STABLE FLY
Family?
Culicidae
Tabanidae
Muscidae
Simuliidae
Ceratoponidae
Muscidae
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Looks similar to a house fly, but slightly larger and with a sharp proboscis.
Species?
Stable fly
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Sometimes referred to as a "biting housefly"
Species?
Stable fly
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Dull gray thorax and abdomen
Pale spot on thorax between darkened stripes
Straight wing vein
Aristae on antennae
Species?
Stable fly
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STABLE FLY
both male and female _ _
blood feed
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Major pest of confined and pastured cattle and horses but can and will feed on humans
_ fly
Stable fly
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Eggs are laid in organic matter (like manure), maggots prefer hay mixed with manure and urine
_ fly
Stable fly
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STABLE FLY
egg to adult in less than # days
30 days / 1 month
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Primarily an agricultural pest and can mechanically vector the bacterium causing anthrax
_ fly
Stable fly
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BITING MIDGES
Order =
Diptera
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BITING MIDGES
Family =
Culicidae
Tabanidae
Muscidae
Simuliidae
Ceratopogonidae
Ceratopogonidae
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Also called no-see-ums and punkies
_ _
Biting midges
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BITING MIDGES
1000 species in genus = C_
Culicoides
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1/25 inch - 1/8 inch
Typically black, brown, gray
Biting midges
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Bites can illicit allergic reactions, vector bluetongue virus to sheep and cattle. Incredibly large numbers can make areas almost uninhabitable
Biting midges
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Culicoides guttipennis
Biting midge
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Culicoides furens
Biting midge
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Females blood feed on humans, domestic animals, birds, and lizards
Biting midge
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Males in some species lack functional mouthparts, others feed on nectar
Biting midge
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Often found near marshes, water, wet places
Biting midge
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Eggs are laid in salt marshes, standing water in tree holes, and mud
Biting midge
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Long larval period... months to 2 years
Biting midge
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BITING FLIES - CONTROL STRATEGIES
The most important and first strategy =
exclusion
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Stable fly and mosquito are the only flies that can find suitable larval habitat amongst _
structures
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_ _ and _ are the only flies that can find suitable larval habitat amongst structures
Stable fly and mosquito
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Stable fly and mosquito are the only flies that can find suitable _ habitat amongst structures
larval
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