251 Lab 8

Antibiotics are?

first antibiotic used commercially was _______derived from the ______ ____.

_____ ____ that are produced by microbes in nature, _____ growth

evidence strongly suggests that antibiotics serve other roles, such as ____ ____ for bacteria

____-____ antibiotics are those produced chemically by keeping the active moiety intact but modifying an _ _____.

antibiotics that are entirely produced in laboratories? Example?

Antibiotics that kill bacteria are _____.

Antibiotics that inhibit the growth are ______.

Antibiotics that target single groups are_____ _____, they target specific gram class ie gram+/- not both

____ _____ antibiotics target more than one group of bacteria such as tetracycline,which targets gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Disadvantage to broad spectrum?

2nd infection?

4 Pathways that antibiotics work through?

______inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

____ _____ _____means the drug targets the bacteria and not the humans.

___ ______ _____ cause more and serious side effects in human

If a bacterium is susceptible to the effects of an antibiotic, and is either killed or has its growth inhibited when exposed to the antibiotic, that bacteria is referred to as?

If a bacterium is _____to the antibiotic, it is not inhibited by the drug

_____-____ method is a standardized method used in many clinical laboratories and it is easy and reproducible.

_____variables for the Kirby-Bauer Method include the use of ____-____ __ agar at __-__pH and agar thickness of _ mm in a petri plate.

For the Kirby-Bauer Method the bacteria are grown in ____ to a density standard of ___ bacterial cells/ml

For the Kirby-Bauer Mehtod apply the bacteria with a cotton swab to prepare a bacterial ___.

the area around the disk in which no bacteria grow?

To determine the _____rating of a bacterium to a particular antibiotic,the diameter of the zone of inhibition is measured in ____and compared to a standardized chart to determine the rating.