-
Rule-Based Decision Making
- A decision maker recognises the choice situation as a member of a category for which the best action is known and has already been stored
- once situation is classified, "if-then" rule is activated which dictates the behaviour or choice
decision is retrieved rather than constructed
-
Characteristics of Rule Based Decision Making
- recognition an categorisation processes are the primary cognitive activity
- action is triggered relatively automatically by the relevant rule fast and easy on cognitive resources
best suited to satisfy goal of quick, consistent, appropriate behaviour
-
Which rule do you follow?
logic of appropriateness
- 1. recognise situation
- 2. identify role
- 3. identify rules
-
types of recognition based decision models
- 1. Non Deliberative
- 2. Principle Based
- 3. Steorytype Based
- 4. Case Based
-
Non Deliberative decision
- routinised decisions
- e.g. "deciding" to stop at a red traffic light
-
Principle-Based decisions
- decisions makers learn that, for certain situations, cost-benefit based or affect-based decision produce "sub-optimum" outcomes
- e.g. due to insufficient self-control in the face of temptations, leading to regret, or due to social rules
-
Stereotype Based decision
- judgement or action is stored in memory in association with the stereotyped category
- e.g. you think you saw a snake slither past so you "decide" to jump on the rock
-
Case Based decision of experts
- rich episodic memory in their domain of expertise
- new problem evokes similar situations in the past, the action taken, and their consequences
- this is what klein calls recognition primed decision making
-
case based decision making elaborated
- 1. first option is usually workable (not random generation and selective retention)
- 2. serial generation/evaluation of options (not concurrent evaluation/comparison)
- 3. satisficing (not optimising)
- 4. evaluation through mental simulation (not MAUT or Bayesian statistics)
- 5. focus on elaborating and improving options(not choosing among options)
- 6. decision maker primed to act
-
When to use role based decision making
- in situations where calculation based decisions would lead to socially suboptimal outcomes (doctors are bound to their oath to assist an injured person even if it is inconvenient)
- social roles are associated with certain rules of conduct and expectations of role-appropriate behaviour
best suited to satisfy social goal of affiliation
-
affect based decision making
- people base their decision on their holistic emotional reaction to different choice options
- e.g. impulse buying, choosing the insurance that's advertised with commercials and have puppies, deciding not to decide if all options make you feel bad
-
Affect-Based decision-making characteristics
- conditioned responses that occur almost instantaneously (e.g. fight or flight, phobias, intuitive bad feeling)
- strong enough to overrule rational calculation of costs and benefits
- fast and easy on cognitive resources
best suited to satisfy emotional goals (and deal with time constraints)
-
Decision Modes
- every mode has pros and cons
- decision modes can conflict with each other or lead to different decisions
- mode used varies on situation, decision, individual, and goal
|
|
