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Maya's Interface is customizable using MEL. What is MEL?
Maya Embedded Language
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How do you access the marking menu?
By right-clicking the selected object
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How can you access the settings for the selection tools?
By double-clicking the selection tool
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What is soft selection?
Selection by the distance from the fully selected element
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Fall off radius: Surface
Nearest path along the surface
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Fall off radius: Object
Move objects/select them depending on the distance from the origin object
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How do you keep drop menus open when selecting?
By holding down the control key
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What does Shift M do?
Shows and hides the menu in the viewport
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What does control M do?
Shows and hide the menu in the main interface
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What is the shortcut key for the last command?
G
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How do you access the creation menu?
Shift Right Click
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Subdivision axis
Should be even around the axis
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How do you get more control when adjusting objects?
Control-Drag in the input box
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True or False: Layers can't have the same name as the object.
True
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Layers: What does the P Key do?
Shows/Hides on playback
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Layers: What does the T Key do?
Shows wireframe
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Layers: What does the R Key do?
Object becomes non selectable from the viewpoint
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How do you isolate an object.
Select the object and hit control-1
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Characters communicate non-verbally in 3 different ways:
- Expression - Movements of the muscles in the face
- Gesture - Arms, hands, fingers
- Posture - Emotion
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How an audience understands a character’s role in a story
- Behavior
- Clothing
- Context
- Design
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Proportions: Young Child Head Height to Body Height
1:2
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Proportions: Adulthood Head Height to Body Height
1:7 or 1:8
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What is the only part of the body that grows throughout life
Nose
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Expressive Features
- Easily communicated through eyebrows: Distance and Shape
- Minimize the distance between eye and eyebrow
- Expressive Eyelids
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Assumptions
- Use cultural shortcuts
- Style of Character
- Outlines
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Size and Shape
Makes characters easily recognizable
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Recognizable Types
- Assets
- Make characters to have gestures and expressions
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What are the fundamental building blocks of polygon models?
Triangles
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File Naming
- Never use spaces or hyphens
- Use Camel Case and underscores
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What does NURBS stand for?
Non Uniform Ration B-Splines
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Non Uniform
Sections of curves can be independently edited
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Rational
Control Vertices can be given different weights
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B-Spline
A basis spline defined by CVs making up a hull
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Where are Isoparms lined up?
Across the surface
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Do NURBS Patches use U and V directions or X, Y, and Z directions?
U and V directions
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What do NURBS Patches share characteristics with?
UV Mapping
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Difference between NURBS and Subdivision surfaces
Subdivisions are one seamless surface
NURBS models are often made up of many patches
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Which cannot have surface curvatures precisely defined: NURBS or Subdivision surfaces?
Subdivision Surfaces
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NURBS and Subdiv
Which are iterative and which are precise?
Subdivisions are an iterative process
NURBS are precise
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Poly Modeling and NURBS:
Which is best for animation and 3D printing
Poly Modeling
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Poly Modeling and NURBS:
Which is best for manufacturing and surface analysis?
NURBS
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Who at Pixar developed subdivision surfaces?
Ed Catmull
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Why were subdivision surfaces developed?
Because the NURBS used for animation in early days would result in cracks between the surfaces
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What do more CVs allow for but lack as a result?
More detail but lack control needed for design work
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NURBS Patches are __ sided
4
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What do NURBS always have?
A seam
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What does the Make Live tool do?
Allows for drawing a UV Curve in the UV space of the patch
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Lofted Surface
- Boatbuilding Term
- Have cross sections
- Build surfaces by selecting the cross sections in the appropriate order
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Topology
The art and technology of creating 3D characters that can be distorted realistically without producing shading artifacts.
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Polls
Vertices with less than 4 edges flowing into them break the edge loops
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Stars
5 or 6 pointed vertex
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Kiting
A way to multiply the numbers of faces in a line.
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What is Arnold?
Maya’s inbuilt rendering engine
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Does Arnold support Toon Shading?
No
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What rendering engine should you use for Toon Shading
Maya Software
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Fill Shader
Create toon shading based on the light angle
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Outlines
Separate from the fill and controllable independent from the fill shader
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Materials: Base
Diffuse Color
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Diffuse
The color of something under diffuse light (eg. Cloudy day)
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What latin word does the term "camera" come from?
“Chamber” or “room”
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Early Cameras
- Lightproof tents with small hole in one wall
- The smaller the hole, the shaper the image
- The Larger the hole the fuzziness of the image because of more light
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What are camera lenses used for?
To provide more light without making the pinhole larger
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What do lenses create?
Unwanted Focal Length which affects the way imaged are rendered
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Prime Lenses
- Fixed focal length
- Advantage is you don’t have all the adjustment mechanism, have a larger aperture
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What is an ideal Focal Length?
Between 50mm and 70mm
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What happens with a focal length of 100 or more?
The image becomes flat
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What is the focal length of orthographic cameras
Infinite
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Aperture
Allows the user to adjust the amount of light entering the camera
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Depth of field
- The range of distances from the image plane that are in sharp focus.
- The distance between the nearest and furthest objects in a scene that appear sharp.
- Miniaturizes elements of the photograph.
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Ansel Adams
Known for taking landscape photographs with a pinhole sized aperture
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Three Point Lighting
Uses a Key or Main light for the main planes of the subject
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Fill Light
Removes any dark areas
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Back or Rim Light
- Pops the subject out of the background
- Important with black and white films
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Color
- Color adds information to shape and form
- The shorter wavelength the more energetic and damaging they are
- Infrared – Heat
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Additive Color
All colors add up to white
- Monitors, stage lights, projectors, and light emitting objects
- Transparency (Alpha Channel)
- PNG or TARGA files
- Z Channel – Depth of each element of the picture from the camera
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Subtractive Color
All colors add up to black
- Printing inks, paint work
- Absorb specific wavelengths of light
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Prisms
Splitting sunlight almost white light
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What influences color in an image
- The color of the original material
- Color or lighting of the surroundings
- The Level of lighting
- Eyes are sensitive to blue
- Movies shot under blue light at night
- The atmosphere (fog, absorption)
- Objects appear blue from far away
- Reds are absorbed by the atmosphere
- Additive or subtractive media (print, monitor)
- The accuracy of the inks or monitor setup
- The observer’s vision
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Color Gamut
The range of colors that can be shown by a medium
- CMYK is smallest
- Standard RGB is better but is digital
- Film – Widest color gamut
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Color Depth
The number of distinct colors an image can contain
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Color Depth: 1 bit
Black and White
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Color Depth: 8 bit
Indexed Color - 256 colors
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Color Depth: 24 Bit
Full Color - 16.7 Million colors
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3 Color Channels
- RGB
- Each channel is a greyscale image
- Indicates how much of that particular color the pixel contains
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Banding
Function of the limited amount of information that is available to describe the grey.
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